tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41600648156134490472024-03-06T00:22:23.884-08:00Sookta SumanaA MUST READ FOR ALL NEW INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE (IAS) OFFICER EXAMINATION CANDIDATESnokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.comBlogger1273125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-83752359193460593872017-06-04T23:08:00.000-07:002017-06-04T23:11:56.365-07:00CNN GETS DEEPER IN STUPIDITY TRYING TO OUTSMART A 12 YEAR OLD SPELLING BEE CHAMPION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: 'helvetica neue', helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 40px; line-height: 1.15;">CNN hosts makes 'racist' comment to 12-year-old Spelling Bee Champion</span></ul>
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Mythili Sampathkumar</div>
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<span class="provider Mb(4px) Pend(5px)" data-reactid="12" itemprop="publisher provider" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px;"><span class="provider-link" data-reactid="13" itemprop="name"><a class="Fz(13px) C(#26282a)" data-reactid="14" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/" itemprop="url" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" style="color: #26282a; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">The Independent</a></span></span><time class="date Fz(11px) D(ib) Mb(4px) Fz(13px) C(#9ea2af)" data-reactid="16" datetime="2017-06-04T18:40:00.000Z" itemprop="datePublished" style="color: #9ea2af; display: inline-block; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 4px; zoom: 1;">June 4, 2017</time></div>
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<img alt="Ananya Vinay, 12, of Fresno, California wins the 2017 Scripps Spelling Bee: Mark Wilson/Getty Images" class="Trsdu(.42s) Maw(100%)" data-reactid="14" itemprop="url" src="https://www.yahoo.com/sy/ny/api/res/1.2/8Qmp5Pp9MjRdCOb8qntz0Q--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtzbT0xO3c9ODAw/http://media.zenfs.com/en-GB/homerun/the_independent_635/c6b50d55e837df91a748b6d569efd1df" style="border-style: none; max-width: 100%; transition-duration: 0.42s; vertical-align: bottom;" /></div>
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Ananya Vinay, 12, of Fresno, California wins the 2017 Scripps Spelling Bee: Mark Wilson/Getty Images</div>
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<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="A CNN host is accused of making what some are saying is a "racist" remark to 12-year-old Scripps Spelling Bee Champion Ananya Vinay who the host said likely misspelled a word on air because "it's root is not in Sanskrit, which is what you're probably used to using."" data-reactid="22" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
A CNN host is accused of making what some are saying is a "racist" remark to 12-year-old Scripps Spelling Bee Champion Ananya Vinay who the host said likely misspelled a word on air because "it's root is not in Sanskrit, which is what you're probably used to using."</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="Hosts Alisyn Camerota, who made the comment, and Chris Cuomo jokingly asked her to spell 'covfefe,' what Ms Camerota called a "nonsense word."" data-reactid="23" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
Hosts Alisyn Camerota, who made the comment, and Chris Cuomo jokingly asked her to spell 'covfefe,' what Ms Camerota called a "nonsense word."</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="Ananya, who is of Indian origin, was born and raised in Fresno, California and had just been named the 2017 champion the previous evening. An Indian-American child has won the competition every year since 2008, and Ananya is the 13th overall to do so." data-reactid="24" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
Ananya, who is of Indian origin, was born and raised in Fresno, California and had just been named the 2017 champion the previous evening. An Indian-American child has won the competition every year since 2008, and Ananya is the 13th overall to do so.</div>
<blockquote cite="https://www.yahoo.com/news/cnn-hosts-makes-apos-racist-184000359.html" class="canvas-blockquote Mstart(20px) My(10px) Px(20px) C(#747474) Fs(i) Bdstartc(#ddd) Bdstarts(s) Bdstartw(2px) canvas-atom" data-reactid="25" data-type="blockquote" style="border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; color: #747474; font-style: italic; margin: 10px 0px 10px 20px; padding: 0px 20px;">
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12-year-old Ananya Vinay won the National Spelling Bee so naturally CNN had her on to spell "covfefe" and say some racist stuff to her.<a href="https://t.co/Qirb8CpBV9" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">pic.twitter.com/Qirb8CpBV9</a></div>
— Jeremy McLellan (@JeremyMcLellan) <a href="https://twitter.com/JeremyMcLellan/status/871042165698416640" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">June 3, 2017</a></blockquote>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="Donald Trump had used the word in a now-deleted tweet that read "Despite the constant negative press covfefe", which stayed up on his account for nearly five hours overnight as social media mercilessly mocked him for the typo." data-reactid="27" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
Donald Trump had used the word in a now-deleted tweet that read "Despite the constant negative press covfefe", which stayed up on his account for nearly five hours overnight as social media mercilessly mocked him for the typo.</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="The next morning, Mr Trump cryptically tweeted "Who can figure out the true meaning of 'covfefe'??? Enjoy!"" data-reactid="28" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
The next morning, Mr Trump cryptically tweeted "Who can figure out the true meaning of 'covfefe'??? Enjoy!"</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="Ms Camerota corrected Ananya's spelling of the word and then said "so, I don't know. Anyway" after her Sanskrit comment." data-reactid="29" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
Ms Camerota corrected Ananya's spelling of the word and then said "so, I don't know. Anyway" after her Sanskrit comment.</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="CNN has not responded to a request for comment on the matter. Ms Camerota has not responded to the several tweets lambasting her for what they feel is a "racist" comment." data-reactid="30" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
CNN has not responded to a request for comment on the matter. Ms Camerota has not responded to the several tweets lambasting her for what they feel is a "racist" comment.</div>
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.<a href="https://twitter.com/AlisynCamerota" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">@AlisynCamerota</a> She's probably used to Sanskrit? Shame on you and your ignorant, racist remark! The kid is from FRESNO, CALIFORNIA!<a href="https://twitter.com/CNN" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">@CNN</a><a href="https://t.co/QTb0eA06L2" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">https://t.co/QTb0eA06L2</a></div>
— Tom + Lorenzo® (@tomandlorenzo) <a href="https://twitter.com/tomandlorenzo/status/871388874299379717" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">June 4, 2017</a></blockquote>
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<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="&nbsp;" data-reactid="32" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
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Racist <a href="https://twitter.com/CNN" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">@CNN</a> thinks Sanskrit is the language spoken in Malayali homes.<a href="https://t.co/0utPQzgIgr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">pic.twitter.com/0utPQzgIgr</a></div>
— N.S. Madhavan (@NSMlive) <a href="https://twitter.com/NSMlive/status/871243476066746371" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;">June 4, 2017</a></blockquote>
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<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="The Atlanta-based news network has a pending <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/cnn-faces-growing-racial-discrimination-lawsuit-991036" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">class action lawsuit</a> that alleges the network gives African-American employees lower performance ratings and pay inequality compared with other employees." data-reactid="34" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
The Atlanta-based news network has a pending <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/cnn-faces-growing-racial-discrimination-lawsuit-991036" rel="nofollow noopener" style="background-color: transparent; color: #2d90ff; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">class action lawsuit</a> that alleges the network gives African-American employees lower performance ratings and pay inequality compared with other employees.</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="A first time champion among the nearly 11 million children who entered the competition this year, Ananya was called "unflappable" by ESPN commentators for her collected demeanour throughout the rounds of competition." data-reactid="35" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
A first time champion among the nearly 11 million children who entered the competition this year, Ananya was called "unflappable" by ESPN commentators for her collected demeanour throughout the rounds of competition.</div>
<div class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" content="She won after a long back-and-forth challenge with runner-up Rohan Rajeev by spelling the word "marocain" correctly. She wins $40,000 which she said will go towards her university education." data-reactid="36" style="margin-bottom: 1em;" type="text">
She won after a long back-and-forth challenge with runner-up Rohan Rajeev by spelling the word "marocain" correctly. She wins $40,000 which she said will go towards her university education.</div>
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Jesus Christ was a Liberal</div>
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<span class="time-ago C(#878c91) Fz(12px)" style="color: #878c91; font-size: 12px;">8 hours ago</span></div>
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This country and this whole world needs to cut it out with the "You're a Racist" B.S.<br />
<br />
Nowadays you'll be called a racist if you call a black person black, or if you call an African American an African American. You'll be called a racist if you call a polar bear white, you'll be called a racist if you squint your eyes because the sun is in them. You'll be called a racist if you drive a white car instead of a black car.<br />
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ENOUGH OF THIS STUPID NONSENSE!!!!!!!!!!!!</div>
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<span class="time-ago C(#878c91) Fz(12px)" style="color: #878c91; font-size: 12px;">8 hours ago</span></div>
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So, CNN uses a 12 year old girl as a prop to attack Trump. What does a twelve your old girl and a spelling bee have to do with CNN's nasty take on politics? Why did thy ask here to spell Covfefe? Then they make an ignorant remark about Sanskrit, which they for some reason think is this girls native language, which is very odd, since English is the primary language in India. Of Course the girl was from California, not India. So, the CNN hosts managed to get three layers deep in stupid. 1. Involve an innocent child in their anti-trump vitriol, 2. Totally misunderstand the history of India, and 3. Make racist assumptions. Wow. Three layers of stupid in less than 1 minute.</div>
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<span class="time-ago C(#878c91) Fz(12px)" style="color: #878c91; font-size: 12px;">8 hours ago</span></div>
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This is just hilarious 😂. Pathetic liberal social justice warriors.</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-65916624313098686352017-05-31T16:56:00.002-07:002017-05-31T16:56:45.782-07:00INTERESTING ANALYSIS OF HOW MUSLIMS ARE PERCEIVED, WHO INFLUENCES THIS WORLD VIEW?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s2">BY <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/author/mlipka/"><span class="s1">MICHAEL LIPKA</span></a><a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/05/26/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/#comments"><span class="s1">388 COMMENTS</span></a></span></div>
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<span class="s1">People at Djemaa el-Fna Square, late afternoon sun</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Muslims are the fastest-growing religious group in the world. The growth and regional migration of Muslims, combined with the ongoing impact of the Islamic State (also known as ISIS or ISIL) and other extremist groups that commit acts of violence in the name of Islam, have brought Muslims and the Islamic faith to the forefront of the political debate in many countries. Yet many facts about Muslims are not well known in some of these places, and most Americans – who live in a country with a relatively small Muslim population – say they <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2010/08/24/public-remains-conflicted-over-islam/"><span class="s3">know little or nothing about Islam</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Here are answers to some key questions about Muslims, compiled from several Pew Research Center reports published in recent years:</span></div>
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<span class="s1">How many Muslims are there? Where do they live?</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/pf_17-04-05_projectionsupdate_change310px/"></a></span><br /></div>
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<span class="s1">There were 1.8 billion Muslims in the world as of 2015 – roughly 24% of the global population – according to a <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/#global-population-projections-2015-to-2060"><span class="s3">Pew Research Center estimate</span></a>. But while Islam is currently the world’s second-largest religion (after Christianity), it is the <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/23/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/"><span class="s3">fastest-growing major religion</span></a>. Indeed, if current demographic trends continue, the number of Muslims is expected to exceed the number of Christians <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/#beyond-the-year-2050"><span class="s3">by the end of this century</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Although many countries in the Middle East-North Africa region, where the religion originated in the seventh century, are heavily Muslim, the region is home to only about 20% of <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/"><span class="s3">the world’s Muslims</span></a>. A majority of the Muslims globally (62%) live in the Asia-Pacific region, including large populations in Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran and Turkey.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Indonesia is currently the country with the world’s largest Muslim population, but Pew Research Center projects that <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/21/by-2050-india-to-have-worlds-largest-populations-of-hindus-and-muslims/"><span class="s3">India will have that distinction</span></a> by the year 2050 (while remaining a majority-Hindu country), with more than 300 million Muslims.</span></div>
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<span class="s2">The <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/"><span class="s4">Muslim population in Europe</span></a> also is growing; we project <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/15/europe-projected-to-retain-its-christian-majority-but-religious-minorities-will-grow/"><span class="s4">10% of all Europeans will be Muslims</span></a> by 2050. </span></div>
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<span class="s1">How many Muslims are there in the United States?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">In 2015, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/06/a-new-estimate-of-the-u-s-muslim-population/"><span class="s3">according to our best estimate</span></a>, there were 3.3 million Muslims of all ages in the U.S., or about 1% of the U.S. population. Pew Research Center’s 2014 <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/chapter-3-demographic-profiles-of-religious-groups/"><span class="s3">Religious Landscape Study</span></a> (conducted in English and Spanish) found that 0.9% of U.S. adults identify as Muslims. A 2011 <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/muslim-americans-no-signs-of-growth-in-alienation-or-support-for-extremism/"><span class="s3">survey of Muslim Americans</span></a>, which was conducted in English as well as Arabic, Farsi and Urdu, estimated that there were 1.8 million Muslim adults (and 2.75 million Muslims of all ages) in the country. That survey also found that a majority of U.S. Muslims (63%) are immigrants.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Our <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/14/muslims-expected-to-surpass-jews-as-second-largest-u-s-religious-group/"><span class="s3">demographic projections estimate</span></a> that Muslims will make up 2.1% of the U.S. population by the year 2050, surpassing people who identify as Jewish on the basis of religion as the second-largest faith group in the country (not including people who say they have no religion).</span></div>
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<span class="s1">A recent <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2013/05/17/the-religious-affiliation-of-us-immigrants/"><span class="s3">Pew Research Center report</span></a> estimated that the Muslim share of immigrants granted permanent residency status (green cards) increased from about 5% in 1992 to roughly 10% in 2012, representing about 100,000 immigrants in that year.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Why is the global Muslim population growing?</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=289767"></a></span><br /></div>
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<span class="s1">There are two major factors behind the rapid projected growth of Islam, and both involve <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/23/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/"><span class="s3">simple demographics</span></a>. For one, Muslims have more children than members of other religious groups. Around the world, each Muslim woman has an average of 2.9 children, compared with 2.2 for all other groups combined.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Muslims are also the youngest (median age of 24 years old in 2015) of all major religious groups, seven years younger than the median age of non-Muslims. As a result, a larger share of Muslims already are, or will soon be, at the point in their lives when they begin having children. This, combined with high fertility rates, will fuel Muslim population growth.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">While it does not change the global population, migration is helping to increase the Muslim population in some regions, including North America and Europe.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">How do Americans view Muslims and Islam?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">A <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2017/02/15/americans-express-increasingly-warm-feelings-toward-religious-groups/"><span class="s3">Pew Research Center survey</span></a> conducted in 2017 asked Americans to rate members of nine religious groups on a “feeling thermometer” from 0 to 100, where 0 reflects the coldest, most negative possible rating and 100 the warmest, most positive rating. Overall, Americans gave Muslims an average rating of 48 degrees, similar to atheists (50).</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Americans view more warmly the seven other religious groups mentioned in the survey (Jews, Catholics, mainline Protestants, evangelical Christians, Buddhists, Hindus and Mormons). But views toward Muslims (as well as several of the other groups) are now warmer than they were a few years ago; in 2014, U.S. adults gave Muslims an average rating of 40 degrees in a similar survey.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Republicans and those who lean toward the Republican Party gave Muslims an average rating of 39, considerably cooler than Democrats’ rating toward Muslims (56).</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Republicans also are more likely than Democrats to say they are very concerned about <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2017/02/16/3-views-of-islam-and-extremism-in-the-u-s-and-abroad/"><span class="s3">extremism in the name of Islam</span></a> around the world (67% vs. 40%) and in the U.S. (64% vs. 30%). In addition, a December 2016 survey found that more Republicans than Democrats say Islam is likelier than other religions to encourage violence among its believers (70% vs. 26% of Democrats). While most Americans (57%) believe there is a lot of discrimination against Muslims in the U.S. today, views are again split by party: 69% of Democrats and those who lean Democratic and 40% of Republicans and GOP leaners hold this view.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">About half of Americans (49%) think at least “some” U.S. Muslims are anti-American, greater than the share who say “just a few” or “none” are anti-American, according to a <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2016/02/03/republicans-prefer-blunt-talk-about-islamic-extremism-democrats-favor-caution/"><span class="s3">January 2016 survey</span></a>. Views on this question have become much more partisan in the last 14 years (see graphic). But most Americans do <i>not</i> see widespread support for extremism among Muslims living in the U.S., according to a <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2017/02/16/3-views-of-islam-and-extremism-in-the-u-s-and-abroad/"><span class="s3">February 2017 survey</span></a>. Overall, 40% say there is not much support for extremism among U.S. Muslims, while an additional 15% say there is none at all. About a quarter say there is a fair amount of support (24%) for extremism among U.S. Muslims; 11% say there is a great deal of support.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">How do Europeans view Muslims?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">In spring 2016, <a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/07/11/negative-views-of-minorities-refugees-common-in-eu/"><span class="s3">we asked residents</span></a> of 10 European counties for their impression of how many Muslims in their country support extremist groups, such as ISIS. In most cases, the prevailing view is that “just some” or “very few” Muslims support ISIS, but in Italy, 46% say “many” or “most” do.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">The same survey asked Europeans whether they viewed Muslims favorably or unfavorably. Perceptions varied across European nations: Majorities in Hungary, Italy, Poland and Greece say they view Muslims unfavorably, while negative attitudes toward Muslims are much less common in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Northern and Western Europe. People who place themselves on the right side of the ideological scale are much more likely than those on the left to see Muslims negatively.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">What characteristics do people in the Muslim world and people in the West associate with each other?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">A <a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/07/21/muslim-western-tensions-persist/"><span class="s3">2011 survey</span></a> asked about <a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/07/21/chapter-2-how-muslims-and-westerners-view-each-other/?beta=true&utm_expid=53098246-2.Lly4CFSVQG2lphsg-KopIg.1&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2F2011%2F07%2F21%2Fchapter-1-the-rift-between-muslims-and-the-west%2F%3Fbeta%3Dtrue"><span class="s3">characteristics Westerners and Muslims may associate with one another</span></a>. Across the seven Muslim-majority countries and territories surveyed, a median of 68% of Muslims said they view Westerners as selfish. Considerable shares also called Westerners other negative adjectives, including violent (median of 66%), greedy (64%) and immoral (61%), while fewer attributed positive characteristics like “respectful of women” (44%), honest (33%) and tolerant (31%) to Westerners.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Westerners’ views of Muslims were more mixed. A median of 50% across four Western European countries, the U.S. and Russia called Muslims violent and a median of 58% called them “fanatical,” but fewer used negative words like greedy, immoral or selfish. A median of just 22% of Westerners said Muslims are respectful of women, but far more said Muslims are honest (median of 51%) and generous (41%).</span></div>
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<span class="s1">What do Muslims around the world believe?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Like any religious group, the religious beliefs and practices of Muslims vary depending on many factors, including where in the world they live. But Muslims around the world are <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/"><span class="s3">almost universally united</span></a> by a belief in one God and the Prophet Muhammad, and the practice of certain religious rituals, such as <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/#unifying-rituals"><span class="s3">fasting during Ramadan</span></a>, is widespread.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">In other areas, however, there is less unity. For instance, a Pew Research Center <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-overview/"><span class="s3">survey of Muslims in 39 countries</span></a> asked Muslims whether they want sharia law, a legal code based on the Quran and other Islamic scripture, to be the official law of the land in their country. Responses on this question vary widely. Nearly all Muslims in Afghanistan (99%) and most in Iraq (91%) and Pakistan (84%) support sharia law as official law. But in some other countries, especially in Eastern Europe and Central Asia – including Turkey (12%), Kazakhstan (10%) and Azerbaijan (8%) – relatively few favor the implementation of sharia law.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">How do Muslims feel about groups like ISIS?</span></div>
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<span class="s5"><a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/">Recent surveys show</a></span><span class="s1"> that most people in several countries with significant Muslim populations have an unfavorable view of ISIS, including virtually all respondents in Lebanon and 94% in Jordan. Relatively small shares say they see ISIS favorably. In some countries, considerable portions of the population do not offer an opinion about ISIS, including a majority (62%) of Pakistanis.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Favorable views of ISIS are somewhat higher in Nigeria (14%) than most other nations. Among Nigerian Muslims, 20% say they see ISIS favorably (compared with 7% of Nigerian Christians). The Nigerian militant group Boko Haram, which has been conducting a terrorist campaign in the country for years, has <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/11/world/africa/boko-haram-isis-propaganda-video-nigeria.html"><span class="s3">sworn allegiance to ISIS</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">More generally, Muslims mostly say that suicide bombings and other forms of violence against civilians in the name of Islam are <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-overview/#extremism-widely-rejected"><span class="s3">rarely or never justified</span></a>, including 92% in Indonesia and 91% in Iraq. In the United States, a 2011 survey found that <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-app-a/?beta=true&utm_expid=53098246-2.Lly4CFSVQG2lphsg-KopIg.1&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2013%2F04%2F30%2Fthe-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-overview%2F%3Fbeta%3Dtrue"><span class="s3">86% of Muslims</span></a> say such tactics are rarely or never justified. An additional 7% say suicide bombings are sometimes justified and 1% say they are often justified.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">In a few countries, a quarter or more of Muslims say these acts of violence are at least sometimes justified, including 40% in the Palestinian territories, 39% in Afghanistan, 29% in Egypt and 26% in Bangladesh.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">In many cases, people in countries with large Muslim populations are <a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2015/07/16/extremism-concerns-growing-in-west-and-predominantly-muslim-countries/"><span class="s3">as concerned as Western nations</span></a> about the threat of Islamic extremism, and have become increasingly concerned in recent years. About two-thirds of people in Nigeria (68%) and Lebanon (67%) said in 2016 that they are <i>very</i> concerned about Islamic extremism in their country, both up significantly since 2013.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">What do American Muslims believe?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Our 2011 <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/muslim-americans-no-signs-of-growth-in-alienation-or-support-for-extremism/"><span class="s3">survey of Muslim Americans</span></a> found that roughly half of U.S. Muslims (48%) say their own religious leaders have not done enough to speak out against Islamic extremists.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Living in a religiously pluralistic society, Muslim Americans are more likely than Muslims in many other nations to have many non-Muslim friends. Only about half (48%) of U.S. Muslims say all or most of their close friends are also Muslims, compared with a global median of 95% in the 39 countries we surveyed.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Roughly seven-in-ten U.S. Muslims (69%) say religion is <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/section-2-religious-beliefs-and-practices/"><span class="s3">very important in their lives</span></a>. Virtually all (96%) say they believe in God, nearly two-thirds (65%) report praying at least daily and nearly half (47%) say they attend religious services at least weekly. By all of these traditional measures, Muslims in the U.S. are roughly as religious as U.S. Christians, although they are less religious than <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-2-religious-commitment/"><span class="s3">Muslims in many other nations</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">When it comes to <a href="http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/section-5-political-opinions-and-social-values/"><span class="s3">political and social views</span></a>, Muslims are far more likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party (70%) than the Republican Party (11%) and to say they prefer a bigger government providing more services (68%) over a smaller government providing fewer services (21%). As of 2011, U.S. Muslims were somewhat split between those who said homosexuality should be accepted by society (39%) and those who said it should be discouraged (45%), although the group had grown considerably more accepting of homosexuality since a similar survey was conducted in 2007.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">What is the difference between Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims?</span></div>
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<span class="s1">Sunnis and Shiites are two subgroups of Muslims, just as Catholics and Protestants are two subgroups within Christianity. The <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/#sunnishia"><span class="s3">Sunni-Shiite divide</span></a> is nearly 1,400 years old, dating back to a dispute over the succession of leadership in the Muslim community following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632. While the two groups agree on some core tenets of Islam, there are<a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/11/14/muslim-holiday-of-ashura-brings-into-focus-shia-sunni-differences/"><span class="s3"> differences in beliefs and practices</span></a>, and in some cases <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-5-religious-identity/"><span class="s3">Sunnis do not consider Shiites to be Muslims</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">With the exception of a few countries, including Iran (which is majority Shiite) as well as Iraq and Lebanon (which are split), most nations with a large number of Muslims <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/"><span class="s3">have more Sunnis than Shiites</span></a>. In the U.S., 65% identify as Sunnis and 11% as Shiites (with the rest identifying with neither group, including some who say they are “just a Muslim”).</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><i>Note: This post was updated on May 26, 2017. It was originally published Dec. 7, 2015.</i></span></div>
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<span class="s6">TOPICS: <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/muslim-americans/"><span class="s5">MUSLIM AMERICANS</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/muslim-western-relations/"><span class="s5">MUSLIM-WESTERN RELATIONS</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/muslims-and-islam/"><span class="s5">MUSLIMS AND ISLAM</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/population-geography/"><span class="s5">POPULATION GEOGRAPHY</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/population-trends/"><span class="s5">POPULATION TRENDS</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/religion-and-society/"><span class="s5">RELIGION AND SOCIETY</span></a>, <a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/topics/religious-beliefs-and-practices/"><span class="s5">RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES</span></a></span></div>
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<li class="li5"><span class="s8"><a href="http://www.pewresearch.org/author/mlipka/"><span class="s1">Michael Lipka</span></a></span><span class="s1"><i> is a senior editor focusing on religion at Pew Research Center.</i></span></li>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-38024483110370757872017-05-31T01:13:00.001-07:002017-05-31T01:19:56.704-07:00IF TRUTH BE KNOWN THE FATHER OF THE NATION HAD CLAY FEET THAT WANTED TO DANCE ON THE GRAVES OF ALL HINDUS KILLED BY MUSLIMS !!!!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6776" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: small;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6775" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6774" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-large;"> Jammu and Kashmir Dilemma of Accession</span></span></span><br />
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6776" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: small;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6790" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #231f20; font-family: "nalandatim";"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14906" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black; font-size: large;"> <em id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14905" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> <span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14904" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;">A Historical Analysis and Lesson</span></em></span></span></span></div>
<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6776" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: small;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6790" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #231f20; font-family: "nalandatim";">
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14901" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14900" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: large;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14903" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"> <em id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14902" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Prime Minister Pandit Ramchandra Kak's First-hand </em></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14899" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><em id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14898" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Account of the Tumultuous Events in 1946-47</em></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black; font-size: large;"> <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: medium;">by</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black; font-size: large;"> <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;">Radha Rajan</span></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">FOREWORD</span></span></b></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6788" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6787" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">In the pantheon of intellectual kshatriyas, distinguished in contemporary time by stellar luminaries such as the late Ram Swarup and Sita Ram Goel, one of the brightest stars today is Radha Rajan. Fearlessly truthful, with a razor-sharp intellect, she minces no words as her weapons in the cause of the bharatiya rashtra. <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>She soldiers on many fronts, and most valorously on the subcontinental battleground that is the politics of Indian secularism.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Those who define us as heathens or kaffirs do so employing abrahamically self-conscious political action against us with our dhritarashtra-like sanction.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>It is Radha ji who makes us aware that there can be no protection of the rashtra, and therefore of the dharma, without Hindu political self-consciousness. <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">“Pantheon” has no antonym, but among those who wittingly subordinated the dharmic ethos to the abrahamic one, Mohandas Gandhi, inasmuch as he has been constructed into the “Father of the Nation”, must surely lead the others. Many of us, at home and abroad, have pointed out his sanctimony and duplicity; such was occasionally noted by his own political colleagues too; but none has demythologised him as perceptively, comprehensively and devastatingly as Radha Rajan.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Her <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Eclipse of the Hindu Nation: Gandhi and His Freedom Struggle</i> razes the mahatma myth so assiduously built up by official and other hagiolaters.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">Through a fortuitous circumstance, Radha ji came into possession of a photocopy of a paper which led her to writing this monograph.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>This paper is an insider’s account of the events leading to the accession of Kashmir to India, the insider being the Prime Minister of Jammu & Kashmir from <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">June 30, 1945 to August 11, 1947.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>His name - Ramchandra Kak, and he was also my grandfather.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6796" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6795" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">No copy of this document – described by Radha ji as one of national significance – is known to be available in India.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>A copy is in the India Office Library in London, where it reached apparently amongst the papers of Richard Powell, the then <span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6794" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Inspector General</span> of Police.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>While it is in the public domain, obviously it is not easy to access by those in India.</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: red;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">A scan of the original has been uploaded to the web, thanks to Lila Bhan and Radha ji, and will be readily accessible in print form as part of this monograph, courtesy Voice of India.</span></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14871" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14870" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">If Radha ji’s book on Gandhi buried him, with this monograph she erects his gravestone.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">But a gravestone needs an epitaph and, for the epitaph most apt for carving on Gandhi’s gravestone, we need look no farther than to Gandhi’s acknowledged favourite, Jawaharlal Nehru</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14867" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">F</span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14866" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">ittingly Jawaharlal Nehru, because not only did Gandhi profess “a union of hearts” with Nehru but he also selected him as his own heir: “You are my son…..I have therefore named you as my heir”, he wrote to Nehru in 1924.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Gandhi was infatuated with Nehru, deviously positioning him to become our country’s first prime minister.</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">So, here then, in his own words, is this son and heir’s pithy summation of the character, ideology and politics of the father, and here too in his own words is India’s first Prime Minister’s pithy summation of the Father of the Nation.</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">Nehru said of Gandhi:</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">“You know, he really was an awful old hypocrite.”</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7222" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7221" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">Radha ji’s monograph centres itself around a contemporaneous account that features this “awful old hypocrite”, whose hypocrisy still costs India so dearly.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Both as a politically self-conscious Hindu and as Ramchandra Kak’s grandson, I must point out that Ramchandra Kak foresaw in 1947 that <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Sheikh Abdullah wanted his own independent principality, the continued existence of which would be guaranteed by the Indian armed forces and the solvency of which would be guaranteed by the Indian treasury.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Abdullah’s Kashmir would give nothing in return.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Nothing at all.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>That is exactly what happened then, thanks to </span>Gandhi-Nehru treachery. And that is how it has remained for the almost 70 years since then.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yiv2770955930MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14875" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14874" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14873" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">It is a tragedy for Kashmiri Pandits that the course of events which Gandhi-Nehru and the Indian National Congress initiated in J&K by deliberately raising up a Sunni seditionist against the kingdom inevitably moved to no Hindu prime minister of Kashmir to no Hindu king in Kashmir to no Hindus in Kashmir and now to no Hindu (or even non-Sunni) chief minister at all for the State since the last one about 70 years ago.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>It is a tragedy for Kashmiri Pandits that no Indian government so far has had the political will to even want to restore to Kashmiri Pandits the land of our ancestors.</span></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7218" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7217" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">It is a tragedy for Hindus that Gandhi-Nehru and the Indian National Congress consciously delivered over Kashmir to Hinduism’s self-declared enemy which, there, has gone from strength to strength against us, dispossessing us of our civilisational heritage and roots in Kashmir.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>It is a tragedy for Hindus that no Indian government so far has had the political will to even want to restore to Hindus a wellspring of our civilization.</span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>It is Ramchandra Kak who asked, “If the Jews could get back Israel after 2000 years of exile, why should it be considered extraordinary if India wanted to retain Kashmir which was already in its possession?”</span></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6808" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6807" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">The Sunnis got Kashmir because they are an aggressively politically self-conscious beliefsystem. The Jews got Israel because, all through their persecution and exile, they carefully preserved their politically self-conscious identity.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">Radha ji concludes her monograph drawing a parallel to the Kaurava Court. <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">We Hindus have forgotten the lessons of the Mahabharata.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>The Pandavas foolishly let the Kauravas dispossess them of everything, and when they were reduced to begging for the pittance of just five villages, Duryodhana hit back to Srikrishna (adapting it to Kashmir):</span></span></div>
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<i id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7213" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7212" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt;">Take my message to your kaffirs, for our Sunni words are plain,</span></i><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14877" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt;"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Any portion of the Koran’s empire Bharata’s sons seek in vain,</i><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><i id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14876" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Nor town nor village, nor mart nor hamlet, help us Allah in heaven,</i><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Not even a spot that a needle’s point can cover unto them will be given!”</i></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">It was thereafter that the Pandavas, still unconvinced, were made by Srikrishna to understand another lesson of the Mahabharata:</span></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="background: rgb(249 , 249 , 249); color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">ahimsa paramo dharma</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);">dharma himsa tathaiva cha</span></span></i><span style="background: rgb(249 , 249 , 249); color: #333333; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333px;">[4]</span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"></span></i></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7209" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7208" style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7207" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">In our democracy, we Hindus too must learn to exercise power as a politically self-conscious electorate.</span></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">[</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">5]</span></span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"> </span></span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div>
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<div class="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yiv2770955930MsoNormal" id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7232" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7231" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">Nehru assumed “you know”.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>He knew, but he did nothing to let the rest of us know, and the vast majority of us still do not.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>It is the intellectual kshatriya Radha Rajan who </span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14889" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">most and best demonstrates the accuracy of Nehru’s assessment of Gandhi. It is she who, knowing, most and best educates us about why and how w</span><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7230" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;">e must cease to worship this false god that is Gandhi.<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14888" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6844" style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6843" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">The statue of Gandhi that has been erected as the so-called Father of the Nation must be demolished.</span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></i></span></div>
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<span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7174" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7173" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_7172" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14891" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14890" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: large;">Krishen Kak</span></span></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">------------</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">1.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Critique of Gandhi</i>, MM Kothari, Jodhpur: Critique Publications, 1996:125-129.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">2.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Mike:The</i> <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Memoirs of the Right Honourable <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Lester B. Pearson</i>, University of Toronto Press, 1973; vol.2:119.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Grateful acknowledgement to Subhash Kak for this reference.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">3.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Mahabharata</i>, Udyog Parva, Bhagwat Yana Parva Ch 127 (Gita Press).<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Here adapted from </span></span><a href="https://www.quora.com/Which-is-the-Sanskrit-Shlok-of-needle-said-by-Duryodhan-as-a-reply-to-Krishna-when-he-came-as-a-messenger" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;">https://www.quora.com/Which- is-the-Sanskrit-Shlok-of- needle-said-by-Duryodhan-as-a- reply-to-Krishna-when-he-came- as-a-messenger</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">4.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Ahimsa_Paramo_Dharma" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/ Ahimsa_Paramo_Dharma</span></a><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6817" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span id="yiv7183399089m_921882118261569280yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496171981267_6816" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">. <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>Bharat’s historical experience of Islam can be stated aptly with KD Prithipaul’s “Muslims can live only as an oppressive majority or a turbulent minority” (</span></span><a href="http://www.andrewbostom.org/2008/07/ns-rajaram-reviews-the-legacy-of-islamic-antisemitism/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;">http://www.andrewbostom.org/ 2008/07/ns-rajaram-reviews- the-legacy-of-islamic- antisemitism/</span></a><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14893" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1496217143371_14892" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">). We must learn from Israel and, therefore, to the Golden Rule of Reciprocity I append my Rider of the Pre-emptive Strike (Do to others as you would have them do unto you - <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">but if you have sufficient experience of what they'll do unto you, you do it to them first</i>).<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;">5.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span>And that includes re-learning the Chanakyaniti of sama/dana/bheda/danda (Arthashastra 1.13.25).</span></span><br />
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"The Father of Our Nation"<br />
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"If the Muslims want to kill us<br />
all Hindus we must face our deaths<br />
bravely" - "Mahatma" Gandhi<br />
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April 6 1947 </div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-43350386905484483632017-05-31T00:50:00.000-07:002017-05-31T00:50:37.875-07:00MODEST HARDWORKING PATEL BROTHERS SERVE INDIAN AMERICANS AND BUILD A MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR EMPIRE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Story of Patel Brothers, the Biggest Indian Grocery Store in America</h1>
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<img alt="" data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/KDqTcJq6M01-R8xwhNaDYHX4_IE=/1000x1000/c0fe72ce-555f-4d06-b46c-45b04864a06d--patel.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/BN7AeGgaUPUvFCxbqH7vmJtUAgM=/fit-in/800x0/c0fe72ce-555f-4d06-b46c-45b04864a06d--patel.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="http://celestebyers.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Celeste Byers</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When he was 23, Mafat Patel headed for America.</strong> It was 1968, and he had just received a visa to get his MBA at Indiana University.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
This trip would mark his first time outside his home country of India. Born the eldest of six siblings, three sisters and two brothers, he’d <a href="http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20071124/ISSUE02/100028915/chutney-masala-paneer-and-more" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">spent</a> most of his life on a farm in the village of Bhandu, nestled in the Mehsana district of the state of Gujarat. He'd never traveled beyond the neighboring district of Patan, where he went to school to get his degree in Mechanical Engineering.</div>
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He completed his business degree within two years and moved to Chicago, where he fell into a vocation most other recent male South Asian transplants had, working the assembly lines of factories as a quality control engineer. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 had done its fair share to usher in an influx of educated immigrant minds who could turn into a skilled workforce.</div>
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But Mafat would <a href="http://wearegurus.com/feelings/immigrant-diary-mafat-patel/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">later admit</a> he found this work somewhat isolating. This bloomed into a unique quarter-life crisis: Though Mafat was surrounded by a number of recent immigrants like him, he still found himself unable to make America feel like somewhere he belonged.</div>
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<figure style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="story-single-image-frame" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 398.609px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="The Patel family in Mehsana. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/6z_yFNUdnJiD8AK3iVUM3cCA3vk=/1000x1000/635b91e5-9d1e-42c0-b9dd-fcdce677dd5e--item-patel-family-acg-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/JrCbpv2a7DZraeqTudC6JHtIvgo=/fit-in/800x0/635b91e5-9d1e-42c0-b9dd-fcdce677dd5e--item-patel-family-acg-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Patel family in Mehsana. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131115-3476" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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It <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0q9ACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT164&dq=arijit+sen+patel+brothers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ3dK-zIfUAhXDKCYKHbzZDvEQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=arijit%20sen%20patel%20brothers&f=false" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">was</a> an issue of appetite, mostly. His meals were the places where this alienation became most stark, dinners like small marches of misery, with American flavors he found difficult to find comfort in— nothing like the <a href="https://food52.com/recipes/52751-khichdi-indian-rice-and-lentils-and-potato-fries" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">khichdi</a> or curries he had grown up eating. Where was rice flour? Turmeric? This was an era in which Indians had to stuff canisters of these ingredients inside their checked luggage.</div>
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Mafat began to notice that others in this demographic subset had similar feelings; they were young Gujarati men like him, far from home for the first time, knowing they couldn’t forfeit their American livelihoods but still in search of any conduit to India. He took small solace in the fact that he wasn’t alone, and began to wonder what he could do to solve this problem.</div>
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Mafat saw a potential profit in this loss. He wanted to open a grocery store. It’d be small, but it’d have everything he, along with those in his community afflicted by his same pain, may need to cook the dishes from back home. And it showed signs of falling into place: In 1971, Ramesh Trivedi, an enterprising businessman, approached Mafat about a storefront on Devon Avenue that he wanted to sell, some shanty edifice that suffered from poor insulation.</div>
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Mafat didn’t mind. He dropped everything.</div>
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<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">He quickly realized it was nearly impossible to mount a full-blown grocery store alone. So he asked his brother, Tulsi, still in Gujarat, for help.</strong> Though Tulsi and his wife, Aruna, made the pilgrimage to Chicago in 1971 just to aid Mafat in this undertaking, it took three years for them to sort out the logistics and open the first Patel Brothers store in September of 1974. It began as a modest operation, a sparse, dingy 900-square foot store with little in the way of anatomical logic. Shelves were disorganized and cluttered, while the then-three family members, the store’s sole staffers, traded shifts between 9AM and 9PM; on their off-hours, the men would go to their second jobs.</div>
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<img alt="From the private archives of the Patel family." data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/U8_qrDr-Iz4TkKqt6X8aQxtKGOw=/1000x1000/288242ee-7081-4f8a-a2ce-87edbf72b79a--item-patel-family-abq-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/fB-FeMyl0nHtdL7_CHaHQWJmmkk=/fit-in/800x0/288242ee-7081-4f8a-a2ce-87edbf72b79a--item-patel-family-abq-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From the private archives of the Patel family. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131115-3460" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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Today, Patel Brothers has splintered into an $140-million emporium. On that stretch of Devon Avenue in Chicago alone, there is now Patel Air Tours, a travel agency; Sahil, a clothing boutique meant for Indian weddings; Patel Handicrafts and Utensils, which sells religious memorabilia and trinkets; and Patel Café, an eatery. Today, the stores are managed by a rotating cast of family members that stretches over three generations. The establishments are patronized by a motley of ethnic groups beyond the South Asian diaspora. Patel Brothers has 51 locations, most concentrated along the East Coast, some stretching to Texas and the American South, and one in California. The franchise has proven resilient throughout the ebbs and flows of the American economy.</div>
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“The most novel aspect of Patel Brothers is how accessible it has made Indian ingredients for non-Indian customers,” Priya Krishna<a href="http://www.bonappetit.com/story/patel-brothers-indian-grocery-store" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">wrote</a> in a short paean to the chain a few months ago. She notes the store’s skillful ability to market itself to an America beyond the South Asian diaspora through a technique as straightforward as listing its ingredients in both Hindi and English.</div>
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Patel Brothers is a store that exists at the juncture of pragmatism and fantasy; the store has realized a possibility for pluralist cultural exchange without sacrificing its Indian DNA. Patel Brothers has spawned a subgenre of Indian grocery stores, from Subzi Mandi to Patidar Supermarket, yet it towers over this ecosystem like a citadel of the Indian-American grocery chain.</div>
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<img alt="A scene from the first Patel Brothers in Chicago." data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/jIW0v7zhonnhzRtRbLx1DPm0KtY=/1000x1000/10365a2e-e7b0-4903-8a03-7fbe59c090c4--item-patel-family-aae-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/yO6Zo0OUD0--9TlW2a2R5U-B1oI=/fit-in/800x0/10365a2e-e7b0-4903-8a03-7fbe59c090c4--item-patel-family-aae-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A scene from the first Patel Brothers in Chicago. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3422" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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The brothers' narrative is what we call American Dream, that story of the hard-working, industrious immigrant who proves his worth through serving others, defying preordained odds and obliterating those obstacles for others who follow. I contacted the Patel family multiple times for the purposes of this story, and was met, effectively, with the same response each time: They were just too busy to field my questions. Running an empire takes work.</div>
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<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It is funny to think that the existence of Patel Brothers owes itself to a matter as mundane as one man seeking relief for a deep human impulse: his hunger.</strong> Had I known of the store’s origins growing up in New Jersey, perhaps I would not have taken its very existence for granted. I must have been three or so when I first visited Patel Brothers. It became a permanent fixture of my childhood, so much that it never occurred to me that there was anything vaguely special, or revolutionary, about this store’s being.</div>
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<img alt="The Patel Brothers store in Chicago in the 1970s. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/pvobp6YWqPcQFjdGwUo_n85EzSo=/1000x1000/32923710-c006-4599-9c4d-22715fe09d5d--item-patel-family-abt-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/yHip6f04TLR_EJarmg049wNDz_E=/fit-in/800x0/32923710-c006-4599-9c4d-22715fe09d5d--item-patel-family-abt-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Patel Brothers store in Chicago in the 1970s. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131115-3463" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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This was the mid-90s. By then, the store had expanded to such cities as New York, Houston, Atlanta, and Detroit, due to the brothers’ realization that Indian families from various neighboring states were driving to Devon Avenue on weekends just to shop there. As I grew up, I saw my local store’s interiors gain more order and take on the characteristics of its larger, more mainstream competitors.</div>
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Swetal Patel, Mafat’s son, <a href="http://intertwinedcultures.weebly.com/swetal-patel.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">came</a> of age in a family of ten in Chicago, with few students at school who looked like him. He spent a lot of time in the store as a kid, bagging groceries and pulling shopping carts from sidewalks to customers’ cars. Though he loved his mother’s cooking, he was too humiliated to bring any foods with some markedly alien odor with him to school.</div>
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“It was hard growing up, where we growing up in Skokie," Susan Patel, Tulsi's daughter, <a href="http://intertwinedcultures.weebly.com/susan-patel.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">admitted</a> in a 2013 interview. "I was one of very few Asians at the time in my school." She had an experience similar to that of her cousin: The enclave of Skokie she inhabited was saturated with white and Jewish kids, and with it came an element of insecurity in her heritage. It didn't quite help that the business of Patel Brothers surrounded her growing up, so much that it swallowed her adolescence. She’d help her father weigh grains after school and play tag in the store aisles as a way to pass time.</div>
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<img alt="From the private archives of the Patel family. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/j23FaOupCNzn09npRUrUZCHw2Bg=/1000x1000/42bcf0f6-0b29-42de-868f-0ea8846dd515--item-patel-family-aah-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/XyGn4xIUpnqHycuLTq5vb09vpa8=/fit-in/800x0/42bcf0f6-0b29-42de-868f-0ea8846dd515--item-patel-family-aah-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From the private archives of the Patel family. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3425" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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Having a childhood defined by her proximity to the store, a dynastic heirloom she didn’t ask for, occasionally overwhelmed Susan. Like her cousin, the pain stung doubly when Susan encountered an outside world that could feel harsh, incurious, or judgmental of her family's Indian food. Everything she was told to question or suppress about her own heritage was refracted in her father’s store.</div>
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What changed? In the early 1990s, Swetal and his brother, Rakesh, both decided to put their degrees in Finance and Marketing to use. Rakesh recognized that there was a new generation of Indian-Americans now experiencing a clamoring much like that of their predecessors who'd come to the States from India: They were working long hours, and they missed their parents’ food.</div>
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In 1991, the pair launched a subsidiary of the Patel brand called Raja Foods, a response to the beckoning call for more pre-packaged Indian foods that could be heat up as easily as TV dinners: ready-made chapatis, pea-and-potato samosas, meals that resembled TV dinners, but with paneers. It had grown out of Rakesh’s senior thesis, wherein he devised a distribution company that could fulfill this very need. He decided to name it after his childhood nickname, Raja.</div>
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<img alt="From the private archives of the Patel family." data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/ODp5tKz0hV0yP9dqQSs8InKvlUE=/1000x1000/ef8a6fd6-1d5a-4b4b-8385-0d8e302b6f05--item-patel-family-aak-001_1-.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/ajrTs0P9ZOx4ZJ8O7QxTvJQG70A=/fit-in/800x0/ef8a6fd6-1d5a-4b4b-8385-0d8e302b6f05--item-patel-family-aak-001_1-.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">From the private archives of the Patel family. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3428" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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Susan was a bit more resistant to dedicating her life to the family business: It wasn't until she went to college that she began to take an interest in her own culture, studying abroad for two semesters in India. The visit made her reconstitute her understanding of this store’s service to her family. She took the reins of Patel Handicrafts and Utensils in her early 30s. This business, once a source of turmoil and grievance, became a site of reconciliation.</div>
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<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Albeit a few decades younger than them, I grew up in a similar America to these second-generation Patels; I yoked my family’s foods to shame.</strong> I was a child of the Jersey suburbs, where I became profoundly distrustful of the outside world, believing onlookers would to write them off instead as evidence of belonging to a subspecies, that they would find the store's delicacies—from kulfi to kachori, those fine-flour pockets filled with dal and fried until they pop like pockmarks—grotesque. As a kid, I would fib that my favorite cookies were Keebler’s El Fudge rather than Bourbon, with dark chocolate buttercream sandwiched between two biscuits topped with sugar.</div>
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<img alt="Inside the Chicago Patel Brothers." data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/snMaRtiQfJiFQfJMhTZPx_lN1SI=/1000x1000/c0b94303-7db1-415f-abd7-1bad697523ae--item-patel-family-abk-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/l4hdAhf1GWnt7ZKglERuvh17_NA=/fit-in/800x0/c0b94303-7db1-415f-abd7-1bad697523ae--item-patel-family-abk-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Inside the Chicago Patel Brothers. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3427" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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I would come to see Patel Brothers as the source for the great shame I carried with me in public: A visit to the store could carry with it associations of everything I was instructed to despise, from a certain scent that clings to my clothes to a box of mango juice that didn't look a thing like Capri Sun. It became tempting to disown even the simplest of pleasures, condiments like spiced tomato Maggi sauce, the more astringent sister to Heinz Ketchup, to consciously distance myself from them outside the safety of my own home. I played it safe, associating myself with these snacks' more favorable American analogs.</div>
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Going to Patel Brothers became a sort of utilitarian pastime for my family, yet my mind engaged in its own, cruel form of trivialization as I grew older, seeing it as the sorry sister to Shop Rite, A&P, or Pathmark. These were “American” stores my mind coded as white and thus aspirational. I carried this mindset with me for years until I moved from the East Coast to California for college, where there is one Patel Brothers store, in Santa Clara, a forty-minute drive from where my campus was. My diet had dulled in those years, revolving mostly around platefuls of quinoa, which I’d never consumed before college. Perhaps as an overcorrection for my ignorance, I ate quinoa as much as I could. It was a remarkably boring diet.</div>
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But there was an aspect of social performance to this, my attraction to dishes that gave me sustenance without the requisite gratification. It gave me the chance to deflect from any criticism that my palate still existed in the amber of my backward, brown childhood, that I hadn’t grown up yet.</div>
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My appetite for the foods I could find inside Patel Brothers became bottomless in that period, though in private. I craved <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">chana chor,</em> a spiced, fried chickpea snack that my parents and I mixed with Rice Krispies and had during tea in the afternoon. In the store’s absence, I grew weary for the thrills it offered.</div>
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<img alt="Inside Patel Brothers in Chicago. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/hcons9z9RGDTJEF-NS1WCpnBpvw=/1000x1000/b085c927-d3ba-4523-a7e2-1826453249cc--item-patel-family-aad-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/bL6qRurJkSpLwFxCjEXs36v1vwc=/fit-in/800x0/b085c927-d3ba-4523-a7e2-1826453249cc--item-patel-family-aad-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Inside Patel Brothers in Chicago. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3421" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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When I returned home to New Jersey on vacations, I indulged in anything I could find on my visits to the store. I practically mainlined them when I got home. But I made a pact with myself to confine that experience to my parents’ place. I grew adamant about not bringing these snacks back on the plane with me.</div>
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It didn’t quite work. In my senior year, my parents stuffed a box full of <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">soan papdi</em>, flaky, cubelike clusters of <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">besan</em> (gram flour) and sugar, into my carry-on against my wishes. I was dreadfully embarrassed to have this on my person once I landed back on campus. Though I thought very briefly of putting it in the kitchen for everyone to share—I spent that year living in a house with nearly 40 other students—I wondered what they’d think, and I braced myself for the awful things they’d say when they saw its packaging.</div>
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Since there was no greater fear than not being liked, where did that leave me? I took my box of soan papdi with me into my room and kept it there, until I realized there were four other South Asians living in that house that year. I decided to share it with them. We reveled in its delights, careful not to reveal them to anyone else, because we were scared of what others might say.</div>
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We are taught to be ashamed of our appetites. We are told to actively suppress our hunger when it becomes too large. Distance made me understand that keeping these longings private was unsustainable if I wanted to be a functional adult. Spending time apart from Patel Brothers provoked a rigorous self-examination about what this store meant to me, and the first step was to acknowledge that it meant anything at all.</div>
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After college, I moved back East, a train ride away from my hometown. In this migration, I had undergone a mental maturation, finding permission to love the foods I had, thus prior, eaten only in solitude. I could put my cravings on display.</div>
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<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A visit to Patel Brothers can feel like emerging from a plane:</strong>Your sense of the world becomes radically slower, the activity of grocery shopping gaining a more leisurely glean than the frantic stress that can ordinarily accompany a trip to the supermarket.</div>
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<img alt="The Patel family in Mehsana. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/Z8p73CfnNuydIAtk97Z2mZPlANs=/1000x1000/79673d6c-e3aa-444d-865d-c9f74e2202e5--item-patel-family-aac-001_1-.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/HWc4i7hnXUoRfDcbi_x8V2Rsb54=/fit-in/800x0/79673d6c-e3aa-444d-865d-c9f74e2202e5--item-patel-family-aac-001_1-.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Patel family in Mehsana. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131114-3423" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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One soggy Saturday in April, I trekked to the Patel Brothers in Edison, the one I remember most fondly from childhood. I hadn’t been there in months, because I hadn’t given myself much reason to be there lately, but my family found ourselves in the area. As I wandered the aisles, arranged like banks of baby mangoes and jackfruits, I was blanketed by dialects that were distinctly South Asian.</div>
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We go to the supermarket to get what we need. But our needs are determined by who we are and how we feed our obsessions. At the grocery store, everything we’d ever want is presented to us matter-of-factly, and we are forced to confront the extent of our desires. Our needs are not simply material. These are selfish, soulful wants, and they come from pits deeper than our stomachs.</div>
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<img alt="The brothers in their home village in Mehsana. " data-pin-media="https://images.food52.com/l0DUXo1SEwAeeWHiOheyXqdCmCE=/1000x1000/62198bf8-6d48-44ea-ba0e-95f5b0053617--item-patel-family-abw-001.jpg" src="https://images.food52.com/6FZEJtR10PtoHa8DJzRObVNeZJc=/fit-in/800x0/62198bf8-6d48-44ea-ba0e-95f5b0053617--item-patel-family-abw-001.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<figcaption style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 5px auto 0px; max-width: 800px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The brothers in their home village in Mehsana. <span class="attribution" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Photo by <a href="https://www.saada.org/item/20131115-3466" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #909090; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><cite style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</cite></a></span></figcaption></figure></div>
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I have lived in a world without Patel Brothers, so I can say this much definitively: It’s terrifying to imagine a world where this store does not exist. Here is a business venture born out of one man’s hankering for home and his family's willingness to ease it. How comforting that they were brave enough to wield these desires openly, so that the rest of us could satisfy the hungers we don’t always realize we have.</div>
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I left the store with very little from that visit, drawn to what had long been my objects of affection: cake rusks for dipping in tea, a packet of wheaty and flat-baked Parle-G biscuits, and bag of frozen spinach-paneer samosas. These were items that others may characterize as inessential, but I needed them.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://celestebyers.com/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Celeste Byers</a> is an illustrator in California.</em></div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Chronicle SSm A', 'Chronicle SSm B', serif; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">All photographs of the Patel family courtesy the <a href="https://www.saada.org/collection/patel-brothers-family-photographs" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ab967d; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">South Asian American Digital Archive</a> and Susan Patel.</em></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EDITOR'S NOTE, 5/26: This article originally misstated the number of siblings in Mafat Patel's family. He is the eldest of six siblings, not five. We've updated the text to reflect these changes.</em></div>
<div class="topics-tags" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TAGS:</strong> <a href="https://food52.com/blog/search_tag/patel%20brothers" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PATEL BROTHERS</a>, <a href="https://food52.com/blog/search_tag/personal%20essay" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PERSONAL ESSAY</a>, <a href="https://food52.com/blog/search_tag/longform" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">LONGFORM</a></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-85172852740890502472017-05-15T01:50:00.001-07:002017-05-15T01:56:03.630-07:00WHY INDIAN-AMERICANS ARE SUBJECTED TO RACIAL ABUSE IN US<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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View: One of the main reasons why Indian-Americans are subjected to racial abuse in US</h1>
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Read more at:<br />
<a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58554714.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #024d99; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58554714.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst</a><br />
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<strong style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By Paarth R Sharma</strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><br style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Go back to your country," mutters the man in line at Peet's Coffee and Tea in Palo Alto, California, as I head out of the shop with a coffee in hand. It was the third time that week. First the kid in the chemistry class in my high school. Then the man on the street I bumped into. </span><br style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now him. I turned and stepped towards the man, ready .. </span><br style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br />
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Read more at:<br style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58554714.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst" style="background: transparent; color: #024d99; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/58554714.cms?from=mdr&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst</a></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-44015969762742679342017-04-22T14:54:00.002-07:002017-04-22T15:33:07.976-07:00MARIA WIRTH RECOGNIZES THE WORTH OF A HINDU NATION WHICH IS MALIGNED BY UNTHINKING COPYCAT WORLD MEDIA THAT ACCEPT AND DEPICT HISTORICALLY UNJUST "CHRISTIAN" AND "MUSLIM" NATIONS AS MORE LIBERAL CONTRARY TO ALL AVAILABLE EVIDENCE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Why the notion of ‘Hindu</h5>
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Nation’ alone is chosen</h5>
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for<span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> criticism?</span></h5>
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If the critics only imagined what a Hindu nation looks like, they might start propagating Hindu nations all over the globe.</div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'pt serif', arial, verdana, 'helvetica neue', helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5em;">Courtesy:</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: pt serif, arial, verdana, helvetica neue, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">http://indiafacts.org/notion-hindu-nation-alone-chosen-criticism/</span></span></div>
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I sometimes wonder who influences whom: the Indian mainstream journalists influence the foreign correspondents or the other way round, as they always hold the same view. Or is there even a directive from the top of the media houses about who must be protected and who can be abused?</div>
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Obviously, Hindus can be abused. I was shocked when I recently checked articles in major newspapers like the New York Times on the appointment of Yogi Adityanath as chief minister in Uttar Pradesh. Like in the run-up to the general elections in 2014, when a Modi victory loomed large, the media went berserk. The gist was: By appointing Yogi Adityanath, Prime Minister Modi has finally shown his true face of a Hindu fundamentalist who wants to make India a ‘Hindu nation’ where minorities have no place. The articles peddled untruths and drew unacceptable conclusions. The Swiss NZZ for example wrote that it is hardly possible for Prime Minister Modi’s government to call itself the representative of all Indians after appointing a figure like Yogi Adityanath.</div>
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A Hindu nation is projected as the worst possible scenario by the wrongly called ‘liberal’ media. Yet, the same media don’t react when America or most other western countries are referred to as Christian nations. Nor do they get agitated about the numerous Muslim nations; not even about those which still have harsh blasphemy laws. Why are these ok, and a Hindu nation is not ok? They don’t explain; they just insinuate that minorities (read Muslims and Christians) will suffer in a Hindu nation.</div>
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Maybe they came to this conclusion because minorities like Jews or Hindus suffer in certain Christian or Muslim nations though the media hardly pulls those countries up for it. However, even otherwise, this conclusion is wrong, as Hindus have a different mind-set. They are open towards other views, unlike ‘good’ Christians and Muslims who feel obligated to make everyone believe what they believe, if necessary by deceit or force.</div>
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Hindus cannot be put into one single box. There are too many different ways to reach the goal of life. As it were, there are many minorities within Hinduism. But they all are based on the Vedic insight that everything, including our persons, is permeated by the same divine essence which is called by many names but is ultimately ONE. Our human consciousness (Atman) is one with the cosmic consciousness (Brahman) and to realize this, is the goal and fulfillment of life. “Satyam vada, Dharmam chara” the Veda exhorts – speak the truth and do what is right under the given circumstances. And find out who you really are: you are not a separate entity but in the depths of your being one with all.</div>
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From this follows that ‘good’ Hindus are those rare human beings whose dharma makes them regard all others as brothers and sisters. Their dharma makes them further respect nature and not harm unnecessarily any living being.</div>
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Hindus do not, unlike Christians and Muslims, divide humanity into those who are chosen by God and those who are eternally damned. Hindu children are not taught to look down on those who are not Hindus, unlike children of the dogmatic religions who are taught that their God does not love those others unless they join their ‘true’ religions.</div>
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Hindus are also comparatively kinder to animals. The great bulk of vegetarians worldwide are Hindus.</div>
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Hindus never fought crusades or jihads to establish their dharma in foreign lands. In fact, they didn’t need to, because they convinced most of Asia merely by solid arguments. Yet, for the past thousand years Hindus were at the receiving end of jihads and conversion campaigns and millions of Hindus were killed in cold blood because they were Hindus.</div>
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It has to be held in favour of Hindus that they held on to their tradition and did not succumb to the pressure and even violence brought on them to adopt blind belief that only one particular person has revealed the full truth. Instead, they continued trusting their sages who never asked for blind belief, but asked to verify their insights through experience.</div>
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So why do media worldwide get so worked up about ‘Hindu fundamentalists’ and a possible ‘Hindu nation’. What is wrong with the fundamentals? There is nothing wrong with the fundamentals. But there is one major difference: For Hindus, the Divinity is in all and all is in the Divinity, whereas for Christians and Muslims the Divinity is separate from his creation watching us from somewhere.</div>
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The concept of Divinity is also different. For Hindus the best description for the absolute truth is sat-chit-ananda (it is true, aware and blissful). The many personal gods help the devotee to realize the Absolute. Christians and Muslims perceive Divinity in its highest form as a personal, superhuman entity who is jealous of other gods. The first commandment in Christianity and a very important issue in Islam is the claim that nobody must worship other gods except the ‘one true god’, which both religions claim is only with them.</div>
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In all likelihood the Hindu view comes closer to truth. When the first translations of Vedic texts appeared in the west, the greatest minds in Europe were greatly impressed by Indian thought. It did spread among scientists, too, who used it to push the frontiers of science further. It is no coincidence that modern science discovered that all is one energy after Vedanta became known in the west. It is also no coincidence that the Church lost much of its power in Europe when some of India’s wisdom filtered down to the masses</div>
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Why then are the media worldwide so worried about a nation where the Hindu roots are fostered? Where Sanskrit is taught, which is the most perfect, dignified, powerful language on earth? Where yoga is practised in schools, which is an ideal means for all-round development and which, on a deeper level, helps to find fulfilment in life? Where Vedic philosophy is studied, which inspired the new scientific discoveries for example in nuclear physics? Where the amazing wisdom of Mahabharata and Ramayana becomes common knowledge, which is already taught in business seminars abroad? Where children chant “Loka samastha sukhino bhavantu” (let all be happy) instead of Humpey dumpey, which happens already in certain schools in the west?</div>
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Yet as soon as Hindus make suggestions for India to keep its Hindu character or rather, to gain back its Hindu character, as even after Independence, the youth was encouraged to abandon it, there is an outcry by the media that “Hindu fundamentalists” want to make India a Hindu nation and exclude religious minorities. Ironically, ‘Hindu’ is a geographical term, with the same root as Indian – people who lived beyond the Sindu or between the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean.</div>
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So why would Indians who rather recently converted to Islam or Christianity not be proud of the achievements of their ancestors? India was the cradle of civilization, a knowledge hub and the richest country on earth. It was known for its wisdom. Greeks, including Pythagoras, are said to have come to India for knowledge and today everybody knows his name, but not the name of the Indian mathematician (Baudhayana) who originally discovered the Pythagoras theorem. Surely Christians and Muslims cannot have any objection that students are taught this fact or the fact that the Rishis of the Rig Veda (10.22.14) knew many thousand years before Copernicus that the earth goes around the sun. Surely they also cannot have any objection that students chant “May all be happy” in Sanskrit, the language of their forefathers. If someone calls such teaching communal, it is malicious. If someone objects to this teaching, should not he be shouted at by the media instead of those who want to revive their ancient culture? Is not he the one who tries to divide society and not those who say “vasudhaiva kutumbakam” (all is one family) due to their philosophical outlook?</div>
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Hindus are the exemplary role model for ‘how <b><i>not</i></b> to exclude others’? Where else have religious minorities flourished and grown like in India? Is not the relative harmony in this amazing diversity in India generally admired abroad? Media persons need only to look around in the world to realize this fact.</div>
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Why then are Hindus of all people accused of excluding others?</div>
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The reason may be this: neither the west nor Muslim countries want a strong India. India was the cradle of civilisation and over most of the known history economically very powerful. They may fear that based on her ancient culture, India may rise again to the top. Is it the media’s job to put Hindus perpetually on the defensive by spreading this bogey of Hindu fundamentalism and prevent a better education policy which would give India an edge?</div>
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“Imagine, India would become a Hindu nation!” the media shout infuriated. The problem, however, is that they don’t imagine it and don’t ask basic questions. If they only imagined what a Hindu nation looks like, they might start propagating Hindu nations all over the globe.</div>
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One day, when people have become tired of blindly believing strange things, and when nobody is threatened any longer with dire consequences if he stops believing in those strange things, the world may be grateful to Bharat Mata that she has conceived and preserved over millennia those eternal, precious insights for the benefit of humanity.</div>
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Disclaimer: The facts and opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. IndiaFacts does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information in this article.</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-22017788115012634212017-04-15T03:46:00.000-07:002017-04-15T03:46:09.472-07:00BJP ONLY PAN-NATIONAL PARTY IN INDIA IN MERE THREE YEARS AFTER THE GENERAL ELECTIONS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="yiv1373782378enhancr2_de78c0eb-f568-a94f-a51a-ba783b2462dd" href="http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2017/04/three-years-from-2014-bjp-only-national.html" id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10238" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Three years from 2014, BJP only national party -- Ram Madhav</a></div>
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APR</div>
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</a><h1 id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10426" itemprop="name" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; display: table-cell; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 40px 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 670px;">
<a href="http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2017/04/three-years-from-2014-bjp-only-national.html" id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10427" itemprop="url" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Three years from 2014, BJP only national party -- Ram Madhav</a> </h1>
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<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10433" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: medium;">Three years down the line from 2014 Lok Sabha elections, BJP has emerged as the only true pan-national party</span></h1>
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<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10435" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10436" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">April 15, 2017, <span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10437" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">2:00 AM</span> IST</span> <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/author/rammadhav/" id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10438" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #196ad4; display: inline; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank" title="Go to the profile of Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a> </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10434" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #b3b3b1; margin: 0px 0px 3px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10563" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">BJP is riding high on its recent successes, both in elections to state assemblies in February-March 2017 and in by-elections held this week to 10 assembly seats in eight states. Generally speaking, except for the three states of Bihar, Delhi and Punjab, BJP has been on a winning spree in almost all elections it has faced in the last three years. At a time when party leaders gather for the national executive at Bhubaneswar, exactly three years after the resounding victory in Lok Sabha elections, there is a palpable ‘feel good’ factor among leaders and cadres across the country.</span></div>
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<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10471" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In terms of governance the Modi government has been able to win laurels from people cutting across demographies. One of the significant achievements for the party under Prime Minister Narendra Modi is a conspicuous change in the character of its support base. BJP has been able unshackle itself from the long-time stereotype image of a Brahmin, Bania and urban middle class party. Its support base has expanded significantly into poorer sections of society, thanks to poor-friendly policies and programmes of Modi.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10472" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10473" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Three years down the line, BJP has emerged as the only truly pan-Indian party in terms not only of electoral successes but also social demographics.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10474" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10475" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In a country long identified with corruption – growthlessness, violence, caste and communal divisions, politics of opportunism and opacity – Modi symbolised hope. It is the politics of hope that propelled people towards Modi. People see in him a leader who can usher in a fundamental transformation not only in the lives of individual Indians but in the life of the nation as well.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10476" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10477" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The average Indian is honest, hardworking, patriotic and socially conscious. If he has become otherwise, it is because of the flawed national culture perpetuated by selfish political leadership in all these years. In the last three years the PM has been able to convince the people about his conviction and also capacity to undo that culture. In his own inimitable style, he has connected directly with the people and made them partners in his grand national restructuring project.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10478" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10479" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The successes that BJP secured in the last three years are partly also due to the excellent team work and organisational hierarchy that party president Amit Shah has built up assiduously, resulting in exponential growth of the party membership.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10480" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10481" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">However, these successes have brought important challenges as well. BJP has to now reinvent itself to suit the changing grassroots character of its support base. Large sections of the masses that identify with Modi need to be won over to the party side. That calls for an organisational overhaul. A voter in a remote village connecting with Modi should also be able to connect with the local BJP leadership. In other words BJP has to think about providing representation to the newly won over sections of the society in its organisational and ideological establishment.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10482" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10483" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Electoral successes in different states have brought BJP to power in 16 out of 31 states. BJP has 13 chief ministers and one deputy CM. The challenge before the party is to ensure that governments in all these states replicate the change that the Modi government represents. To put it differently, whether it is a Trivendra in Uttarakhand or a Birendra in Manipur or a Yogindra in UP – all have to follow Narendra in Delhi. Leaders in all these states should share and implement the vision of PM Modi.</span></div>
<div id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10484" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px;">
<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10485" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the fight against pseudo-liberalism that has become synonymous with decrying everything that is truly Indian, we must not allow pseudo-conservatism to run amok. The quintessential culture of this country has been liberal, pluralistic and catholic. Efforts at Semitisation of Indian cultural behaviour, in an over-zealous reaction to the pseudo-liberal establishment, will be an antithesis to Modi’s vision and needs to be checked firmly and effectively. It is the hopes and aspirations of the people that should guide the priorities of all our governments.</span></div>
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<span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10486" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #2b2b2b;"><span id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10487" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">While the government faces various other challenges on economic, security and foreign policy fronts the party’s main challenge at this transformative phase seems to be to reinvent itself to represent the hopes and aspirations of the vast masses that have aligned strongly with the PM.</span></span><br id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10488" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10489" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><a class="yiv1373782378enhancr2_5bb2fc2f-07ba-7bea-28fb-2fe95c76f1ec" href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/three-years-down-the-line-from-2014-lok-sabha-elections-bjp-has-emerged-as-the-only-true-pan-national-party/" id="yiv1373782378yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1492233678017_10490" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #009eb8; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Three years down the line from 2014 Lok Sabha elections, BJP has emerged as the only true pan-national party</a></div>
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Three years down the line from 2014 Lok Sabha elections, BJP has emerged as...</h2>
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BJP is riding high on its recent successes, both in elections to state assemblies in February-March 2017 and in ...</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-68103268391461912372017-04-13T01:50:00.000-07:002017-06-04T22:34:03.174-07:00REZA ASLAN CASTS OBSCENE ASPERSIONS ON THE US PRESIDENT AND APOLOGISED - UNITED AIRLINES HURT ONE PERSON AND APOLOGIZED BUT CNN HAS HURT ONE BILLION PEOPLE WITH IMPUNITY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="lbl-title-head" id="cphMain_lblArticleTitle" style="color: #047ed6; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">CNN risks alienation of Hindu Americans and world Hindus</span><br />
<span class="lbl-title-head" style="color: #047ed6; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">AND now on June 4th alienation by patriotic Americans</span></div>
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<span class=" para" id="cphMain_lblArticleContents" style="font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">On behalf of the Hindu American community and Hindus around the world, I believe that a personal apology and public denouncement by CNN is long overdue for Reza Aslan’s recent episode, “</span><i style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Believer with Reza Aslan</i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">,” which grossly misrepresents one of the world’s greatest, oldest, and most peaceful religions, not to mention one that is steeped in more science than any of the mainstream rival philosophies.</span></span></div>
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<span class=" para" id="cphMain_lblArticleContents" style="font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The so-called documentary is a stunt the CNN network pulled at a very ominous moment in the history of the US, with equally ominous content. It demonstrated extreme emotional and cultural insensitivity and lack of sensibility. Overall, it displayed poor judgment on the part of CNN to air this show, which was hardly newsworthy if its intent was to create any objective educational presentation while purporting to glorify some hi-falutin’ philosophy of Hinduism.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The episode can have very little positive impact in promoting true and fair understanding of Hindus and their beliefs or way of life; on the contrary, it will have more negative consequences among the wider American audience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The two million Hindus residing in the US and one billion all around the world all cremate their dead. It is a sacred last rite in the life of a Hindu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">In presenting cremation as a vile and dirty act, as Aslan has done, all the while ignoring the fact that the ashes are sterile immediately upon removal from the funeral pyre, he and CNN showed an utter lack of scientific understanding of cremation. Besides, the Aghori sect that Reza chose to dramatize in his presentation does not count for even 100,000 in the 1.2 billion-strong population of Hindus. In all, the episode makes a mockery of Hinduism and Hindus and instigates disrespect for one of the oldest and most profound philosophies and its mainstream practitioners across the globe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">There are offshoots or cults under the rubric of many religions that are not considered even as sects or even as associated with the religions they claim affiliation with. Would mainstream Christians acknowledge that the evangelical tongue-talkers and snake charmers of the American South, or the animal (and, sometimes even human) sacrificing Satanic or “vampire” cults that claim origin in Christian/Biblical traditions, represent Christianity?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Would mainstream Muslims accept the jihadi terrorists that have become a threat around the world through organisations like ISIS and Al Qaeda, represent the peace-loving Muslims that make up the majority of the population of practitioners?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Similarly, the Aghori tribe is not, and has never been, accepted by mainstream or traditional Hinduism; in fact, mainstream society has no access or interaction with them or their high priests, and little if any knowledge of their religious doctrines. True, they cannot be called non-Hindu as they worship Hindu gods and meditate in Hindu cremation grounds, and pre-date the arrival of non-Hindu faiths on the Indian mainland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">However, they should not be represented, as the Aslan show on CNN does, as representing Hindus or Hinduism. There are many curiosities for cultural anthropologists to explore all over the world, that live and interact with mainstream religious populations that accept and tolerate these cults, but to represent them as the mainstream religion is a travesty that CNN is perpetrating.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">We know that persons like Reza Aslan will not risk a fatwa from hostile fellow “believers” by mocking their beliefs publicly in any media, but will rather hide behind “freedom of speech” and First Amendment rights when confronted with the impropriety and inaccuracies of facts, and their calculated distortions, deliberately expressed to offend other cultures – as he has done in this instance to target the peace promoting and scientifically based religion of Hinduism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The episode even begins with intent to create disgust about the sacred act expected of every Hindu son [child] to serenely perform the funeral of his parents. To ridicule cremation in the manner in which the CNN show did, offends millions of Hindus. Many may have recently performed this ritual for their loved ones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Reza Aslan represents a culture that buries its dead. Rather than promoting the beautiful culture and tradition of a more ancient tradition as one who is truly interested in learning objectively, he displays lack of empathy, lack of cross-cultural understanding, and bigotry, implicitly comparing one peoples’ funeral traditions to another’s as if the one he represents is “correct” and the other is “unhygienic.” All Hindus are civilized enough not to compare and contrast the disposal of the last remains of loved ones. They have learned how dignity is to be maintained by not making any negative comments about this necessary process variously executed by different cultures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">One can, however, imagine the process of decomposition that human bodies are subjected to when interred, even if embalmed. Those uneducated about this process would want to present cremation as dirty, and the disposal of sterile ashes into a large body of water as unhygienic and disgusting. A Hindu journalist could retaliate, but will not out of common decency. He could present visually disgusting and aversive sights showing the various stages through which dead bodies go through when disposed of in such fashion by so called civilised cultures, not to speak of showing how a devotee of a mummified Catholic Saint bit off a toe from a 500 year old preserved body, when exhumed in Goa, India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Educated media managers of CNN do not need to be reminded of the origins of the nursery rhyme “ring around the Rosie…. ashes, ashes, we all fall down.” Since CNN evidently gave no thought to the implications of airing Reza Aslan’s episode that promulgates stereotypes, misinformation, and bigotry, which reflects badly on CNN, allow me to remind the readers of its origins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">CNN and Reza Aslan may not be aware that during the epidemic of plague in England, mass cremation of bodies was undertaken to prevent further spread of the disease. That is what led to the composition of this children’s poem. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Ignoring history, Aslan in his ill-informed episode conveniently ignored a fact or did not want to mention that only two of the forty-eight “ghats” on the Ganges in Varanasi are earmarked for crematoria (Manikaran and Harishchandra). He gave the impression that all “Ghats” on river Ganga are like what he presented. What a sinister thinking. To describe and create an impression that one of the most ancient holy cities of Hindus, Varanasi, is a gigantic crematorium or city for the dead is an act of hate towards a different, “other” civilization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">It must by now be obvious to everyone that one of the greatest concerns I am attempting to convey to readers and through my suggestion for public apology is to take corrective action as soon as possible before the show leads to some preventable but irreversible horrible consequences. Although President Trump’s travel ban and guarding of borders is not directed at Indians, a majority of who are Hindus or Sikhs, there have been documented and publicly reported increases in hate crime towards Hindus and Sikhs as a result of his Executive Order. CNN’s airing such a show at such an inopportune moment serves only to pour more fuel onto the fire. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">As socially responsible media, a leader of one of the most unbiased and largest news networks, CNN needed to be aware of the consequences of broadcasting of a xenophobic show referring to some Hindus as cannibals. Sanjay Gupta, MD, practicing Indian neurosurgeon in Atlanta, is CNN’s leading medical expert and a Hindu who would have informed the CNN management that there is no cannibalism among the Hindus, absolutely zero.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Aslan, and by proxy CNN, have created a disgusting picture of an average Hindu for those who know very little about Hindus and their way of life. This is a deliberate act of hostility towards the so-called “non-believers,” and CNN network provided him the platform to spread such hate for mass distribution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">His purporting to really understand Hinduism is disingenuous, and I hope CNN does not gloat over Reza Aslan and his not-so-concealed sadistic attitude towards Hindus. He repeats, “I cannot wrap my head around” how reincarnation with consequences for “sins” during this life can lead to negative experience in the next life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Perhaps he should stick with promoting religions he claims to understand, with their beliefs about eternal burning in hell for those who have not accepted his Prophet or the Christian God, or the claim of being gifted upon death with multiple partners in the afterlife for dying while committing jihad. It would be interesting to see how Aslan wraps his head around such concepts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">This writer implores readers to denounce Reza Aslan, demand that CNN distance itself from his shameful and derogatory portrayal of a religion and culture of which he so obviously knows nothing, and has no desire to even understand with the least due diligence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Hindus are now not only a highly industrious minority in the United States of America, but in the entire Western world; they make up a hugely productive and successful population, and add much rich positivity to the world we live in. They can be potentially subjects of great admiration and recognition, as in the case of Dr. Murthy being appointed as a surgeon general of the United States, but could also easily become objects of paranoid projections if their image is not projected positively for the larger majority in any Western country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">It is for the younger generation of Hindus all over the world to become conscious of how to project a positive image in the world media, consistently uphold the respect and recognition for their present and future true achievements and accomplishments. To do this without large funds is a challenge our younger generation will need to accept.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">For now, it would suffice to contemplate how Hindu intellectuals have to formally object to such negative depiction of their culture in the world media, creating an aversive image of Hindus in the world view. This is how hate germinates, and if not curbed, becomes magnified into hate crimes and even larger violence towards maligned or marginalized sections of society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Western castigation of the caste system is oblivious to its original spirit of inclusiveness with simultaneous respect for different identities of subsections of populations, so as to help them coexist peacefully while maintaining their identity and subculture. It is more humane than holocausts, extrusions into reservations, colonies, segregations, lynching the unwanted if found in the town after the sunset, and such practices, which eliminate the unwanted from the larger society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">By brushing these historical facts under the carpet, Western society takes pride in flaunting “the absence of caste system” in the West, which is not really true if one takes a close look at the manner in which those who could have existed peacefully as different castes/groups in the West were totally annihilated. CNN has given Reza Aslan a free hand to throw hackneyed aspersions at Hindus publicly for their age-old caste system, with no opportunity for Hindus to present countering views. Concerned Hindu American communities need to approach CNN to start taking corrective action. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span><br />
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As seen on <a class="roll" href="http://insider.foxnews.com/show/fox-and-friends-weekend" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d80000; text-decoration: none;">Fox & Friends Weekend</a></div>
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The hosts of "Fox & Friends Weekend" blasted a CNN host for posting an expletive-laden tweet directed at President Trump, moments after the London terror attack unfolded.</div>
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Reza Aslan, an Iranian-American religious studies expert who hosts a Sunday program on the network, called Trump a "piece of [expletive]" for saying America must get "tough" on terror.</div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en" style="border-left-color: rgb(35, 35, 35); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #707070; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px !important; padding: 5px 20px; text-align: start;">
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We need to be smart, vigilant and tough. We need the courts to give us back our rights. We need the Travel Ban as an extra level of safety!</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5;">
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/871143765473406976" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d80000; text-decoration: none;">June 3, 2017</a></div>
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"We need to be smart, vigilant and tough. We need the courts to give us back our rights. We need the Travel Ban as an extra level of safety," Trump tweeted.</div>
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Aslan responded by calling Trump the obscenity, as well as an "embarrassment to America and a stain on the presidency."</div>
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The tweet has been altered above to censor the expletive.</div>
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Previously, Trump retweeted an alert from Matt Drudge's "Drudge Report" which said there had been a terror attack on the London Bridge.</div>
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Fears of new terror attack after van 'mows down 20 people' on London Bridge...</div>
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— DRUDGE REPORT (@DRUDGE_REPORT) <a href="https://twitter.com/DRUDGE_REPORT/status/871126902467051520" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d80000; text-decoration: none;">June 3, 2017</a></div>
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Translation: the president is a man baby that must be ignored in times of crisis.<a href="https://t.co/Kv1hIC7hEG" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d80000; text-decoration: none;">https://t.co/Kv1hIC7hEG</a></div>
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— Reza Aslan (@rezaaslan) <a href="https://twitter.com/rezaaslan/status/871152149828218880" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #d80000; text-decoration: none;">June 3, 2017</a></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_0">"SUGGESTIO FALSI. SUPPRESSIO VERI." The order has been turned around to suit.<br /><br />If only these christo-commie-wahabi ignoramuses used their time studying the Truth about themselves, rather than blabber lies about others, this world would be a peaceful, beautiful, honest place!</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">Chandra Ravikumar</span><br />
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_1">A small aside - The ghat referred to as Manikaran - is probably called Manikarnika ghat, referred to by the locals as Manikanka ghat!</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_2">Someone needs to say it as it is. Reza aslan is a Abrahamic apologist. He gives a rat ass to our wailing. Educate your kids this truth.</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_3">Great piece</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_4">A timely and relevant piece. One wonders why CNN chose someone who bears the name that this author does.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">Dr. Vijaya Rajiva</span><br />
<span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">22 Hours ago</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_5">That`s right brother .<br /><br />A kick in time saves Nine.<br /><br />Love to read the article and we anticipate that conscience to This Aslan and the CNN will prevail. They must note that Dr Vamdev Shastri aka David Frawly is also American and a welknown Scholar on Vedic science.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">R P Mishra</span><br />
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-40521416893909085882017-03-27T09:41:00.000-07:002017-03-27T09:41:38.595-07:00SANKARA'S VIEW OF BRAHMAN BASED ON HIS COMMENTARY ON BADARAYANA'S "BRAHMA SUTRAS"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="lbl-title-head" id="cphMain_lblArticleTitle" style="color: #047ed6; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.05em;">The Being of Satchidananda: Sankara’s Commentary on the Brahma Sutras</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Indian philosophy has always been preoccupied with the question of what or who is the Ultimate Reality behind the everyday experiences of life and what is the human relationship to this reality? This question was broadly framed: does such an Ultimate Reality exist, what is its nature and how do humans relate to this reality?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">The quest began with the Veda, the collective name for the four Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva), the prose commentaries of the Brahmanas, the forest treatises referred to as Aranyakas, ending with the Upanishads. The quest continued with the various writings on Vedic ritual such as Jaimini Sutras and the contemporaneous attempt by Badarayana to unify the teachings of the Veda in his Brahma Sutras. This was followed by many commentaries (Bhashyas), the most famous of them being the Bhashya of Adi Sankara (8th century CE) and Ramanuja (13th century CE).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Shortly after the end of the Vedic period, there arose the philosophical systems (Sankhya, Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Yoga, Jaina, Carvaka and Bauddha, which were independent philosophical enquiries into the nature of Ultimate Reality). Among these systems only the Carvaka was dismissive of philosophical speculation on the nature of Ultimate Reality and offered a purely materialistic explanation of life and its problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Among these systems the Sankhya system alone accepted the authority of the Veda and in fact used the Veda to uphold its philosophical position that there are two independent ultimate realities, the inactive intelligent<i>Purusha</i> and the active non intelligent <i>Pradhana</i> (<i>Prakriti</i>/Nature) and these two realities interacted to produce the universe and its beings. This position is known as Dualism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Collectively, these systems challenged the Veda and its emphasis on Brahman/Satchidananda as the one Ultimate Reality. <i>Satchidananda</i> is a compound word that describes <i>Sat</i> (that which exists), <i>Chit</i> (that which is Conscious) and <i>Ananda</i> (that which is Blissful). The system known as Vedanta upheld the unity of Satchidanda and hence was non dualistic or <i>Advaita</i>. It became the central theme of Adi Sankara’s commentary on the <i>Brahma</i> <i>Sutras</i>, and may be said to have laid (along with his interpretation of the Upanishads) the foundation of Advaita Vedanta. In the commentary, Sankara refers to Brahman (the Upanishadic word for Satchidananda), thus following Badarayana. On this interpretation there is only one reality, Brahman, which is the origin, subsistence and dissolution of the universe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">While it is customary to focus attention on the differences between Sankara’s Advaita Vedanta (Non-dualism) and Ramanuja’s <i>Vishistadvaita</i> (Qualified Dualism), here we shall briefly examine Sankara’s theory of the Being (Sat, that which exists) of Satchidananda as seen in his Commentary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Following Badarayana, he describes Brahman as the origin, maintainer and dissolver of the world and that it is the sole reality (no second one exists). This rejects the Sankhya theory that there are two independent realities, Purusha and Pradhana (Prakriti). It is also a spiritual-conscious reality and hence it rejects the materialism of Carvaka, namely that the world is simply a material entity. It rejects the <i>Nyaya</i>-<i>Vaisekha</i>theory of the separate reality of the material world as evolving from atoms. It also rejects the Jaina and Bauddha theories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Where Sankara’s Commentary on the Brahma Sutras is completely clear is his argument that Brahman as Self (<i>Paramatman</i>) is the cause of the world in a special sense. That world is not independent of Brahman and in fact has been created by Brahman as part of its magical power (Maya) and to that extent is illusory, has no independent reality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Readers will note that it is precisely here that Ramanuja differed from Sankara. He argued that the magical power is real not illusory and that the individual Selves (<i>jivas</i>) and the world of many beings are a modification of Brahman. However, this position seems to be a misrepresentation of Sankara’s position, which as pointed out, is arguing that the world is not an independent reality but is the result of the magical, abundant power of Brahman. The word Maya carries the meaning of ‘abundance’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">In the traditional misreading of Adi Sankara’s position, it has been argued against him that the <i>vivarta</i>doctrine (that Brahman’s change is illusory) is contradictory and that <i>parinama</i> (real change) alone can explain the world. However, in the Commentary it would seem that what Sankara is emphasising is that for humans (individual <i>jivas</i>) to think that they are independent realities in relation to Brahman is Ignorance or Nescience. Understanding this is Liberation. Hence the Upanishadic truth that this Atman is Brahman (<i>ayam atma brahma</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">The achievement of the Commentary is the refutation of dualism, specifically the Sankhya argument that<i>Pradhana</i> and <i>Purusha</i> are two eternal coexisting realities, with <i>Pradhana</i> or <i>Prakriti</i> being active but non intelligent, and <i>Purusha</i> being inactive but intelligent. Sankara’s refutation is done through showing that Sankhya is misrepresenting the Veda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Sankhya is misrepresenting the Veda:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">1. The enquiry into Brahman with which the Brahma Sutras begin propounds the following aphorism:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">‘Brahman is that from which the origin &c (the origin, subsistence, and dissolution) of this world proceed’ (pp.15-16).1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">After pointing out that cause, we say is Brahman, (pps.15-16) Sankara goes on to say:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">“The origin, &c of a world possessing the attributes stated above cannot possibly proceed from anything else but a Lord possessing the stated qualities; not either from a non-intelligent <i>pradhana</i>, or from atoms, or from non-being, or from a being subject to transmigration; nor again, can it proceed from its own nature (i.e. spontaneously, without a cause), since we observe that (the production of effects) special places, times, and causes have invariably to be employed”(pps.16-17).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">What Sankara means by ‘special places, times, and causes’ is that there is agency in Brahman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">2. Brahman is omniscient and is the source of the Veda (Scripture): Badarayana asserts this and Sankara follows up with this observation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">“Brahmans is the source ,i.e., the cause of the great body of Scripture, consisting of the Rig-Veda and other branches, which is supporting by various disciplines (such as grammar, <i>nyaya</i>, <i>purana</i>, &c); which lamp like illuminates all things; which is itself all-knowing as it were” (pps.19-20).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">The theme of illumination will be taken up later when discussing the question of Brahman being self-luminous like the sun. Citing from the <i>Brihadaranyaka Upanishad</i> he continues: “The Rig Veda, &c, have been breathed forth from that great Being (p.20). After a prolonged discussion on the means of right knowledge of Brahman, Sankara points out:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">“It, therefore, is the task of the Vedanta texts to set forth Brahman’s nature, and they perform that task by teaching us that Brahman is eternal, all-knowing, absolutely self-sufficient, ever pure, intelligent and free, pure knowledge, absolute bliss” (p.25).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">He goes on to say that <i>sastra</i> teaches devout meditation on this Brahman and from this results final release from <i>samsara</i> (the cycle of birth and rebirth)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">3. Final Release:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">What does Sankara mean by final release? He quotes from the <i>Brihadaranyaka Upanishad</i> II,4,5: ‘The Self is to be heard, to be considered, to be reflected upon’. By Self he means <i>Paramatman</i>, the Universal Self. We see from this passage, says Sankara, that consideration and reflection have to follow the mere hearing (p.26). Hence, devout meditation and reflection will ensure final release from samsara:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">“Release is an eternally disembodied state. It is eternal in the sense that it does not undergo changes, is omnipresent as ether, free from all modifications, absolutely self-sufficient, not composed of parts, of self-luminous nature (p.28).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Furthermore, release follows immediately on the cognition of Brahman: ‘He who knows Brahman becomes Brahman’ Sankara quotes from <i>Mu.Upanishad</i>, II,2,8 (p.29).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">4. Brahman as omniscient Knower:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Brahman is the eternal Knower, simultaneously existing and all knowing. It is also blissful. Brahman’s Being and Consciousness are simultaneous and identical.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">The Significance of Sankara’s Refutation of Sankhya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">In our times the idea that <i>Pradhana</i> (Nature) is active but non-intelligent is outlandish and outmoded. Even modern science recognises that Nature is a complex interaction of matter and energy. Sankara’s non-dualism, the affirmation of Satchidananda emphasises that Consciousness is Brahman (<i>prajnanam</i> <i>brahma</i>) and that this Consciousness is all pervasive. Contemporary physics, especially Quantum Physics, no longer operates only with the matter-energy-space-time complex, but has focussed on the role of the observer in experiments and hence the role of Consciousness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Quantum Physics now works with the concept of a living, conscious universe. Non duality is the key word in contemporary physics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">A living conscious universe is one and in Adi Sankara’s view it is the Being of Satchidananda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">Notes<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">1. All references are from George Thibaut’s translation of the Vedanta Sutras, Part 1, <i>The Sacred Books of the East</i>, at Google Books, Volume 34, Oxford University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_0">The dating of Adi Sankara in the 8th Century is disputed. He is placed by Hindu sources at some 300 years after the Buddha.</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_1">I totally reject the ONENESS philosophy of sankara, because it is a mirror of budhist/jaina philosophy of nirvana. Ramanujar rightly said, that Sankara is a prachanna baudha, ie.. the hidden buddha..<br /><br />Budhism says that there is no GOD and human's fate is decided purely by their karma. Sankara also says the same, but imposes a just superior force that rightly delivers the fruits of one's karma without any partiality.<br /><br />But I challenge the very basis of karma theory which has no reference in the vedas and upanishads or in any of the ithihasa. Also there is no concept of moksha in the vedas. all these invention of budhism escapism.<br /><br />I have challenged many to quote any references in the vedic literature about the modern version of karma theory . So far no one could give me any references.<br /><br />The puranas and Ithihasas, only mentions the swarga or naraga, and NOT about the moksha.<br /><br />Also in the vaideeha tradition, the people say an atma would be reborn in the same kulam/gothra or family lineage. The common people consider the grandchildren as the reborn atma of their grandfather or ancestors.<br /><br />The Hinduism as propogated today by hindutvavadis is nothing but budhism in disguise. The karma theory is NOT vedic, and is a oppressive ideology being imposed.<br /><br />While the christianity claims that their GOD can save a person from the sin, the hollow hinduism which is defined as per one's convenience, says that everyone has to bear the fruits of their past karma.<br /><br />On the other hand, both shaivam and vaishnava religion says that their GOD can save their bhakths from the sins, through pariharams and appropriate poojas.<br /><br />But these shaivite and vaishnavite identities are brutally crushed by the hindutvavaadis, by calling everything as hinduism.<br /><br />Had we seen any hindu intellectuals ever accept a krishna temple as vaishnava temple or madhwa temple? They would only say it is a Hindu temple, which is an internal onslaught of native identities.<br /><br /><br />So i am once again challenging the hindutva stereotypes for the nth time in this vijayvaani magazine.<br /><br />1. Show me any proof of modern day version of karma theory in vedas or upanishads.<br /><br />2. Show me any reference of Moksha in the vedas or upanishads.<br /><br />3. Show me any reference of "HIndu" identity in pre-colonial texts used by our people.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">senthil</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">March 23, 2017</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_2">Very interesting question Sri Senthil. Let me now ask you a question:<br />have you read the Brahma Sutras and the commentary by Adi Sankara ?</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">Dr. Vijaya Rajiva</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">March 23, 2017</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_3">@vijayarajiva,<br /><br />I want my questions to be answered first, as i dont want to divert the discussion. My questions are more fundamental and NOT brahmasutras.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">senthil</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">March 25, 2017</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_4">Dear Dr. Rajiva:<br /><br />I have sensed a contradiction in your presentation of Brahman -<br />Satchidananda as "inactive" and then using many descriptions which<br />implies "creates", etc. The syntax is not appropriate if we see the world as originating from the Brahman than to say the Brahman creates or created this world. You surely understand where I am going with this.<br /><br />Inactive agency cannot be given many active roles.<br /><br />Secondly I have no objections to the word "Conscious" "Being", "Supreme Consciousness." Yet, I would have some difficulty with<br />the word "Intelligent". The quality of all knowing or "knowledge" is<br />a subjective experience of "Chid" and also the "Bliss" is the subjective<br />experience of the seeker which are attributed to "inert" Brahman which is essentially "gunatrayaateeta" and has no qualities at all.<br />So, there is self-contradiction even in this realm.<br /><br />Maya and avidya are processes in the Prakrity or Pradhana and the products of Dhee and Mahadhee the individual intelligence and Universal Intelligence and therefore are components of Prakrity (Pradhana) and not to be attributed to Pusrusha or the equivalent of Brahman the "inert" "inactive" "qualityless" "Nirguna" entity. Maya and avidya originate only in the Prackrity which is saguna. The only debate can be whether the Prakrity itself originate from Purusha or Brahman, or is it a separate independently existing entity that draws into its operation the Prusha as a component to manifest the biosphere of conscious sentient beings of all sorts. Prakrity space-time-mass-energy complex by itself does not become modified into living beings and needs addition or interaction with Purusha (Brahman) or consciousness and has to rely on some form of intellignece (dhee) for its design. So the duality of dvaita or even the Vishistha Advaita are based on the foundation of Purusha and Brahman and hence the debate becomes defunct when one takes side with advaita or davita proponents. Therefore, the entire debate is bypassed by the Buddhists as a product of Maya by using the concept of Shunya for the Ultimate Reality where the Shunya and Infinity merge in ONE Reality. So, there is no real contradiction between the Buddhist, Jain and Hindu philosophies whether one accepts the concept of Karma or not. Karma is distinctly a later rationalization to explain away many of the inconsistencies that challenge the attribution of Universal Love and Compassion and a sense of Justice and an attitude of equal dealings with all living beings and their experiences in the real world, "Sansara." Karma theory actually corrupts both the Advaita and Dviita philosophies.<br /><br />Having said that, your article raised more questions than answered for any for those who have some familiarity with the Advaita philosophy whether he/she has read the original Badarayana's Brahmasutra or Shankara's commentary or not.<br /><br />Simple, honest, and humble suggestion is not to fall into the trap of using colonial Western concepts and Western lens to understand<br />the original Hindu philosophical texts although the Western translators have their own merit as superior scholars.<br /><br />English language has its own problems, besides inherent problems in any language trying to express the nature of the ineffable entity of Brahman that can only by experienced and cannot be accurately expressed as to its nature in any language.<br /><br />However, I congratulate you for undertaking this stupendous task.<br /><br />Thanks for any further clarification.<br /><br />Sincerely,<br /><br />Nokidding101</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">Nokidding101</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">Yesterday</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_5">@No kidding 101<br /><br />Thankyou for the comments.<br /><br />The interaction between Purusha and Pradhana(Prakriti) is a Sankhya concept and Adi Sankara is refuting that.<br /><br />For him (and he repeats this in the Bhashya)Satchidananda is ONE, and there is no second. He agrees with Badarayana that Brahman is the origin, the maintainer and dissolver of the world. Hence, Pradhana comes out of Brahman.<br /><br />I see no contradiction in that. And as my article states(from Adi Sankara himself) this Brahman is all knowing, conscious and blissful.<br />It is Sat, Chit and Ananda.<br /><br />The Buddhis theory of Shunya is quite different from this.<br /><br />Re: Maya, the Bhashya has some 20 pages on this. It is equated with the word 'abundance'.<br /><br />I hope you can get to read the Bhashya, even the Thibaut translation which is considered the best English translation. I found Swami Gambirananda's translation unreadable because it is not a 'translation'. It is a point presentation which presents his interpretation of the Bhashya.<br /><br />I look forward to discussing the topic with you once you have read the Bhashya.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">Dr. Vijaya Rajiva</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">22 Hours ago</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_6">Western authors will and want to equate<br />Brahman as God the creator of the Universe.<br />Also give Him the attributes familiar to them from their study of the Bible. We don't need to fall for that.</span></div>
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<span class="lbl-bold-small" id="lblCommentAuthorName" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.06em;">nokidding101</span><br /><span class="lbl-small lbllineHeight" id="lblCommentDate" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1em;">19 Hours ago</span></div>
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<span id="ctl01_lvArticleComments_lblComment_7">@nokidding101<br /><br />The quotes are all from the Upanishads, supporting Adi Sankara's arguments.<br /><br />Please remember that an inactive Purusha and an active Prakriti are Sankhya concepts, not Vedanta. Sankhya is dualistic, while Vedanta is monistic, whether it is Sankara, Ramanuja, Vallabha, Nimbarkar et al.<br /><br />Further, if you have read Ramanuja's Bhashya(as I have) here too the Vedantic arguments are similar.<br /><br />I have checked out many of the translations by Hindu authors, notably the Swamis from various mathas.<br /><br />The first key lines from the Brahma Sutras are what I have quoted above : Brahman is the originator, sustainer and dissolver of the universe.<br /><br />What the relationship is between the jivas and Brahman is what is different in the various Vedantic schools : advaita, vishistadvaita,bheda-bheda and so on.<br /><br />Otherwise,all of them agree on Brahman being the Ultimate Reality.<br />Nothing to do with the Bible or Western authors etc.</span></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-41229315914019208912017-03-17T15:55:00.000-07:002017-03-17T15:55:47.778-07:00MUDDIED POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY DELIBERATELY PROMOTED BY SECULAR MEDIA IN INDIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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What is Hindutva and why do Secularists paint it as Rightwing?</h1>
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<span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16791" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">March 14, 2017, <span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16792" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">1:36 PM</span> IST</span> <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/author/ashalivarma/" id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16793" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Go to the profile of Ashali Varma">Ashali Varma</a> in <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/no-free-lunch/" id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16794" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px 1px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Go to No Free Lunch">No Free Lunch</a> <span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16795" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;">|</span> <span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16796" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin-left: 1px;"><a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/" id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16797" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #b3b3b1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">India</a></span> <span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16798" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;">|</span> <span id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16799" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin-left: 1px;">TOI</span></div>
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(Extensive Editorial liberties taken to make this excellent article comprehensible for readers not familiar with Indian political jargon)</div>
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When I was working as a journalist in New York, my son used to tease me and call me a "liberal." I am a liberal but now it means different things to a different set of people in India. For instance, I am a Hindu, whatever that means. Sadhguru says, it means people born in a geographical area between the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean and there are numerous sects within us and a number of writings we call our "scriptures" that include the Vedas, the Upanishads, The Geeta and so many more including the Buddhists and Jain scriptures or "philosophical texts and treatises."</div>
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We Hindus have the freedom to worship many "gods" whom we call our devas, devis, and devatas, (See on Sookta : "Devas and Devatas : Not Gods and Goddesses") but the basics are a belief in nature and the universe and a oneness with these elements and thus we are followers of a philosophy that was born in this land (the Indian subcontinent.) If we talk about this broad minded philosophy or say we are proud of it, we become followers of Hindutva. It seems to me that for some Hindus it is a shame to be Hindu, at least this is what the so- called "liberals" in India and their followers have been saying for decades and now Hindus are also called "intolerant." There is no limit to the number of negative labels piled upon the Hindus.</div>
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There are only a billion of us Hindus in this world who historically belong to this rather prolific philosophical, literary and scientific tradition originating from a specific geographical area Thanks to recent DNA testing it seems the "Aryans" never invaded us. We evolved as a civilization without the help of outside invaders. I got further proof of this not only by western scientific discoveries but by visiting an ancient site like Harappa in Hissar, Haryana very recently. We were taken to mounds next to a village where Harappan "aged bricks", terracotta pieces had been found. They were dated back to an age before any imagined invasions into our hinterland. In fact, 5000 years ago, according to the symmetrical sizes of bricks found here, we had developed mathematics. Later there was Aryabhata a Hindu mathematician and others who actually invented numbers, decimal system, and even more important the Zero or Shunya. These now are all well known facts.</div>
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Thus, the Muslim Arabs who invaded our lands had nothing to do with mathematics or science. It was us the Hindus who had developed the Zero or Shunya, Algebra (Beeja ganita) and the so called Arabic numbers. When President Obama went to Egypt and spoke about how great the Muslim Civilization was and how they had given the world integral parts of mathematics, I cringed with despair as the Islamic world had simply taken it from India in the 12th Century after four hundred years of invasions. The Hindu or Indic civilization existed as written about extensively in The Clash of Civilizations by Samuel Huntington long before Islam was born. He is clear about how science and math travelled borders and got translated into local languages and wise men from different lands adopted it as their own.</div>
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Therefore, even today it is believed by many superficial scholars that the Arabs invented mathematics. There are western academics who think there was a Golden Age of Islam but fail to see that what the Arabs claimed as their own mathematics and science was borrowed from India, China, Greece and the Roman Empire where arts, architecture and science had flourished. No one in their right mind can actually think that in 7th Century Arabia there existed a flourishing civilization. There is no proof of this.</div>
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In the 7th and 8th Century, Islamic hordes conquered Europe, China and India where these innovations were flourishing and then acquired these to claim as their own. I do wish President Obama had known these facts before he so confidently told the Egyptians’ how much the Islamic civilization had contributed to science and arts. The President was ill informed about these facts in the history of civilizations and history of mathematics and science.</div>
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Here in India another real clash of civilizations is taking place as I write this; not between castes and/or religions but among the Hindus themselves who deride Hindutva and those who deride Hindutva are called "secular and tolerant" and the vast majority of Hindus who have finally reacted against such spreading of misinformation of history are termed by the so-called "secularists" as "intolerant." Fortunately, I fall in this proud Hindu category which I learnt today is "being a follower of Hindutva"—with a strong loyalty to my heritage. The "Saffron" bit and the other such aspects or epithets are merely derogatory adjectives that the secular and very biased media lay upon us Hindus. Please note the so-called seculars are mostly all Hindus themselves. So, the clash is between us Hindus and so-called secular Hindus and not between Hindus and people following other religions.</div>
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This clash is fortunately ideological and not physical as between Shias and Sunnies. Although emotions fly high generally the dialogue and interactions around this "clash" are on a civilized level. </div>
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As the brilliant columnist, Jay Bhattacharjee writes in Swarajya on March 13th 2017, about the Governing party (BJP) winning elections in five states in India and how it was portrayed by the secular media : “The secularist storm troopers (SS), of course, are hardened psychological warriors and putting up a brave front when their ship is going down comes naturally to them. From their early youth, they are taught the skills of mental bluster, sang froid and intellectual calisthenics.</div>
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When they are out-maneuvered and outsmarted, they can always draw on the helplines extended by their handlers in various parts of the globe. Make no mistake, the resources at the command of the latter are humongous.”</div>
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This is true. After 60 years of wielding power, and calling the shots they do have their chamchas (sycophants) as we would say in Hindi in higher educational institutions and organizations such as the mainstream media here and abroad. Sixty years of promulgation of such negative characterization of Hindus is akin to brainwashing three generations in India and abroad in believing and viewing the Hindu world through their "secular" sense in almost every facet of life.</div>
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No wonder the media and political parties are so aghast by the BJP winning three states by a comfortable margin and two more by forming a government. The SS will try their best as they never give up in derailing India’s development agenda and trying to muddy the waters, but finally the BJP has the upper hand and it is up to us the citizens of India to ignore the naysayers secularists and give PM Modi all the help he needs.</div>
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As he said clearly, it is not that they (BJP) won’t make mistakes but never intentionally; and he will do whatever it takes to make the dreams of Indians come true; and work hard to "get it done." On these three qualities no one can doubt him—-except for the so called Secularists who are jaded beyond belief and are clutching at straws as they are drowning. </div>
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The following is original article untouched by the editor of Sookta.</div>
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When I was working as a journalist in New York, my son used to tease me and call me a liberal. I am a liberal but now it means different things to a different set of people in India. For instance, I am a Hindu, whatever that means. Sadhguru says, it means people born in a geographical area between the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean and there are numerous sects within us and a number of writings that include the Vedas, the Upanishads, The Geeta and so many more including the Buddhists and Jains.</div>
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We believe in many gods but the basics are a belief in nature and the universe and a oneness with these elements and thus are of a philosophy that was born in this land. If we talk about this or say we are proud of it, we become Hindutva. It seems it is a shame to be Hindu, at least this is what the so- called liberals have been saying for decades and now we are also called intolerant.</div>
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There are only a billion of us who belong to this rather prolific geographical race. Thanks to recent DNA testing it seems the Aryans never invaded us. We evolved as a civilization without the help of outside invaders. I got further proof of this not only by western scientific discovery but by visiting an ancient site just like Harappa in Hissar, Haryana very recently. We were taken to mounds next to a village where Harappan aged bricks, terracotta pieces had been found. They were dated back to before invasions into our hinterland. In fact, 5000 years ago, according to the symmetrical sizes of bricks found here we had developed mathematics. Later there was Aryabhata and others who actually invented numbers and even more important the Zero or Shunya.</div>
<div id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16820" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;">
Thus, the Muslim Arabs who invaded our lands had nothing to do with mathematics or science. It was us the Hindus who had developed the Zero or Shunya and numbers. When President Obama went to Egypt and spoke about how great the Muslim Civilization was and how they had given the world integral parts of mathematics, I cringed with despair as the Islamic world had simply taken it from India in the 12th Century after four hundred years of invasions. The Hindu or Indic civilization as written about extensively in The Clash of Civilizations by Samuel Huntington is clear about how science and math travelled borders and got translated into local languages and wise men from different lands adopted it as their own.</div>
<div id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16821" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;">
Therefore, even today it is believed by many superficial scholars that the Arabs invented mathematics. There are western academics who think there was a Golden Age of Islam but fail to see that what the Arabs claimed was borrowed from India, China, Greece and the Roman Empire where arts, architecture and science flourished. No one in their right mind can actually think that in 7th Century Arabia there existed a flourishing civilization. There is no proof of this.</div>
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In the 7th and 8th Century, Islamic hordes conquered Europe, China and India where these innovations were flourishing and then acquired it as their own. I do wish President Obama had known this when he told the Egyptians’ how much the Islamic civilization had contributed to science and arts.</div>
<div id="yiv5471944555yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1489554070085_16823" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin-top: 20px; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;">
Here in India the real clash of civilizations is taking place as I write this; not between castes and religions but between Hindus who deride Hindutva and they are called secular and tolerant and the vast majority who have finally reacted against it and are termed by the so-called secularists as intolerant. Fortunately, I fall in this proud Hindu category which I learnt today is being Hindutva—believing in my heritage. The Saffron bit and the other such aspects are merely adjectives that the secular and very biased media add on to us Hindus in a derogative way. Please note they are all Hindus. So, the clash is between us and not from other religions.</div>
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As the brilliant columnist, Jay Bhattacharjee writes in Swarajya on March 13th 2017, about the Governing party (BJP) winning five states in India and how it was portrayed: “The secularist storm troopers (SS), of course, are hardened psychological warriors and putting up a brave front when their ship is going down comes naturally to them. From their early youth, they are taught the skills of mental bluster, sang froid and intellectual calisthenics.</div>
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When they are out-maneuvered and outsmarted, they can always draw on the helplines extended by their handlers in various parts of the globe. Make no mistake, the resources at the command of the latter are humongous.”</div>
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This is true. After 60 years of calling the shots they do have their chamchas (sycophants) as we would say in Hindi in institutions and organizations such as the mainstream media here and abroad. Sixty years is akin to brainwashing and getting three generations aboard in almost every facet of life.</div>
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No wonder the media and political parties are so aghast by the BJP winning three states by a comfortable margin and two more by forming a government. The SS will try their best as they never give up in derailing India’s development agenda and trying to muddy the waters but finally the BJP have got the upper hand and it is up to us the citizens of India to ignore the naysayers and give PM Modi all the help he needs.</div>
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As he said clearly, it is not that they won’t make mistakes but never intentionally; and he will do whatever it takes to make the dreams of Indians come true; and work hard to get it done. On these three qualities no one can doubt him—-except for the so called Secularists who are jaded beyond belief and are clutching at straws.</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-56482424465636108252016-11-04T20:51:00.000-07:002016-11-04T20:57:31.526-07:00INVASION BY ALIENISTS AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRISTS WIPED OUT FREUDIAN NEUROSiS FROM OFFICIAL APA NOMENCLATURE MAKING IT A DISORDER OF THE WORRIED WELL AND WEALTHY SUBJECTING MILLIONS TO MEDICATION TREATMENTS MEANT FOR THE MAJOR MENTAL ILLNESSES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-17380290403650706842016-08-28T10:09:00.001-07:002016-08-28T10:20:21.631-07:00RELIGIOUS BIGOTRY DIRECTED TOWARDS HINDUS FOCUSED ON THE ONLY HINDU CONGRESSWOMAM FROM HAWAII TULSI GABBARD<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;">Friends:</span></div>
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<span style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;">Just in case you have not seen this</span><br />
<span style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;">CLICK ON THE LINK PLEASE (THERE IS A TECHNICAL PROBLEM IN POSTING THIS ON THIS SITE)</span><br />
<span style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: blue; font-size: 9.5pt;">GO DIRECTLY TO THE LINK </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/8/14/1560140/-Hawaii-GOP-Nominates-Despicable-Human-For-Congress-Against-Tulsi-Gabbard" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13413" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13412" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">http://www.dailykos.com/story/ 2016/8/14/1560140/-Hawaii-GOP- Nominates-Despicable-Human-For -Congress-Against-Tulsi-Gabbar d</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"></span></div>
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<b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13391" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13390" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"><img alt="Inline image 1" height="365" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13389" src="https://us-mg4.mail.yahoo.com/ya/download?mid=2%5f0%5f0%5f1%5f1%5fAC53w0MABXisV8CqvQ7gmMilEX8&m=YaDownload&pid=4&fid=Inbox&inline=1&appid=yahoomail" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px;" width="472" /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.rawstory.com/2016/08/hawaii-gop-disavows-their-bigoted-candidate-for-launching-a-holy-war-against-hindu-rep-tulsi-gabbard/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">https://www.rawstory.com/2016/ 08/hawaii-gop-disavows-their-b igoted-candidate-for-launching -a-holy-war-against-hindu-rep- tulsi-gabbard/</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13440" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"> <img alt="Inline image 2" height="291" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13439" src="https://us-mg4.mail.yahoo.com/ya/download?mid=2%5f0%5f0%5f1%5f1%5fAC53w0MABXisV8CqvQ7gmMilEX8&m=YaDownload&pid=2&fid=Inbox&inline=1&appid=yahoomail" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px;" width="472" /></span></div>
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<b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13452" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472401572375_13451" style="background: rgb(207 , 226 , 243); color: red; font-size: 13.5pt;">This attack shows religious intolerance and bigotry.</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.dailykos.com/stories/2016/8/14/1560140/-Hawaii-GOP-Nominates-Despicable-Human-For-Congress-Against-Tulsi-Gabbard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Hawaii GOP Nominates Despicable Human For Congress Against Tulsi Gabbard</a><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"></i><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"></i></div>
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<span class="timestamp " data-epoch-time="1471214372000" data-localize-time="" data-time-format="%A %b %d, %Y" data-time-zone="-0500" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sunday Aug 14, 2016</span> <span class="time-dot" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 7px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 2px; position: relative; top: -1px;">·</span> <span class="timestamp " data-epoch-time="1471214372000" data-localize-time="" data-time-format="%l:%M %p %Z" data-time-zone="-0500" style="box-sizing: border-box;">5:39 PM CDT</span></div>
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<li class="story-tag" id="2598" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="2598" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/2598/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/2016" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2016">2016</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="19680" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="19680" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/19680/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Bigot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Bigot">Bigot</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="28520" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="28520" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/28520/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Cancer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Cancer">Cancer</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="38895" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="38895" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/38895/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Congress" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Congress">Congress</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="39033" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="39033" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/39033/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/CongressionalElections" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="CongressionalElections">CongressionalElections</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="48114" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="48114" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/48114/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Democratic" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Democratic">Democratic</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="57284" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="57284" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/57284/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Elections" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Elections">Elections</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="80175" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="80175" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/80175/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Hawaii" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="84505" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="84505" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/84505/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Honolulu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="101347" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="101347" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/101347/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Kauai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Kauai">Kauai</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="114794" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="114794" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/114794/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Maui" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Maui">Maui</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="155687" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="155687" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/155687/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/Religion" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="Religion">Religion</a></li>
<li class="story-tag" id="156683" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12.5px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; list-style-type: none; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: relative;"><span class="follow-tag-icons hidden-unless-can-follow-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc5500; margin-left: -20px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; visibility: hidden;"><a class="not-following-tag dkons glyphicons-heart-empty" data-method="post" data-remote="true" data-tag-id="156683" href="http://www.dailykos.com/tags/156683/follow" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ea7106; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: fondkons; line-height: 1; padding: 0px 4px 0px 2px; position: relative; speak: none; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; visibility: hidden;" title="Click to follow tag"></a></span><a class="tag-name" href="http://www.dailykos.com/news/republican" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3736; cursor: pointer; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="republican">republican</a></li>
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Last night, the deep blue progressive state of Hawaii held its primaries, the most exciting races happened on the Democratic side, as many Democrats were fighting to see who would represent the party in the general election.However, the most shocking race happened on the Republican side as an egotistical, despicable, sadistic excuse for a human being prevailed over her opponent, Eric Hafner, 55.8% to 44.2% to represent the HAWAII REPUBLICAN PARTY as their nominee for Congress against Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard.</div>
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Miss Angela Aulani Kaaihue describes herself as a “developer,” and originally ran for Mayor of Honolulu and both the congressional districts in Hawaii, but settled for congressional district 2. Her original goal was to face Congressman Mark Takai, who lost his battle to cancer on July 20, 2016, and announced that he was not seeking re-election in May. Normally, a candidate runs against an incumbent because they think they can bring change, have fresh ideas, or they just want to be a politician, not Kaaihue, Kaaihue ran against Congressman Takai because she believes that the Congressman was responsible for bringing a real estate lawsuit against her. The real estate lawsuit was filed by Kaaihue against Newtown Association who prevented her from building a home for her family, and has been going on for five years. What does this have to do with Congressman Takai? I don’t know. </div>
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It gets worse, Miss Kaaihue is a proud <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10209159964011975&set=a.2493896342522.2138803.1106200026&type=3&theater" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(153, 107, 61) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Religious Bigot</a>. Kaaihue is a dominionist politician, who believes that the country should be run by Christians and only Christians. Of course you would ask “did she even go to school?” good question, I don't know, but if she did, she probably skipped history. </div>
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Now, if you think that was disturbing, grab a stress ball because it gets worse. It was no secret in our state that Congressman Takai was battling pancreatic cancer, the normal human thing to do would be to sympathize, and not ridicule him for having cancer. Right? Yes, but someone didn’t teach that to Kaaihue. Kaaihue has spent time and hours canvassing the state with <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10209159964011975&set=a.2493896342522.2138803.1106200026&type=3&theater" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(153, 107, 61) !important; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">distasteful posters</a> targeting Takai. To be fair, Kaaihue was given a chance to clarify her controversial technique, stating that she’s proud that she does not have cancer, and that more people should be proud that they don't have cancer. </div>
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I am absolutely not worried about Aulani Kaaihue posing a threat to Congresswoman Gabbard. I’m sure that Gabbard will destroy her. The greater question is: how did she win her primary? It is no secret that this year is the year of outsider candidates, but does personal issues, religious bigotry, and ridiculing a man with cancer qualify you as an outsider candidate? But, a better question is: whether Miss Kaaihue represents the majority of the Hawaii GOP? Will the Hawaii GOP be quick to disavow her? Will they endorse Congresswoman Gabbard, and put country before party? </div>
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Kaaihue now carries the same banner as other Republican state officials: Feki Pouha, Andria Tupola, Bob McDermott, Charles Djou, Sam Slom, Gene Ward, Rod Tam, and other officials. To be fair, the Republican Party Chair Fritz Rohlfing has already came out and condemned her antics, but the Republican members who voted in the primaries seem to love it. </div>
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Hawaii has always been about the Aloha spirit and prides itself as the melting pot for people of all creeds. With Miss Kaaihue’s recent victory in the Republican primary, the next move shall be on the shoulders of the Hawaii Republican Party. They will have to decide whether they will dump Kaaihue as a candidate, and if they don’t, Hawaii will have to decide whether they should dump the Hawaii Republican party as a whole. </div>
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<figure class="image-captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: initial !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; margin-top: 7px;"><img alt="Image-1.png" src="https://images.dailykos.com/images/287457/large/Image-1.png?1471213756" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; width: 550px;" title="Image-1.png" /><figcaption data-image-attribution="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 117, 39); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: 'Open Sans Condensed'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; word-break: break-word;" title="">Aulani Kaaihue speaks to a crowded room at the Hawaii Republican State Convention (Image: Kaaihue’s personal Facebook account)</figcaption></figure></div>
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DOES AULANI KAAIHUE REPRESENT THE CURRENT REPUBLICAN PARTY OF HAWAII?</h4>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-37909094360696820802016-08-28T09:19:00.000-07:002016-08-28T09:19:09.396-07:00HOW AMERICANS ARE ROYALLY MISLED BY ISLAM PROMOTERS IN THE U.S. AND HOW OBAMA ADMINISTRATION HAS SOFT-PEDALED JIHADI THREAT TO THE WORLD<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3682" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #292f33; font-size: 19.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">VIDEO: Andrew Bostom AFA Speech, </span><a href="https://t.co/5bvHhNGPg5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3799" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank" title-off="" title="http://www.andrewbostom.org/2016/08/video-of-my-afa-speech-islam-mindslaughter-and-the-catastrophic-lewis-doctrine/"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #0084b4; font-size: 1pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">http://www.</span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3798" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3797" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #0084b4; font-size: 19.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">andrewbostom.org/ 2016/08/video-</span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3801" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #0084b4; font-size: 1pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">of-my-afa- speech-islam-mindslaughter- and-the-catastrophic-lewis- doctrine/ </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #0084b4; font-size: 19.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">…</span></span></a><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3408" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #292f33; font-size: 19.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> “Islam, Mindslaughter,& the Catastrophic ‘Lewis Doctrine'<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3411" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #292f33; font-size: 19.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">Link to video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZws6HJxuqE" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3410" rel="noreferrer" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ZZws6HJxuqE</a><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3684" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">Twitter link:<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3683" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #1f497d;"> </span></span><b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3399" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3398" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 16pt;"><a href="https://twitter.com/andrewbostom/status/769881200253108224" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3397" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/ andrewbostom/status/ 769881200253108224</a></span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(245, 248, 250); color: #1f497d; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #292f33; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">VIDEO: Andrew Bostom AFA Speech, </span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3416" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://t.co/5bvHhNGPg5" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3415" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank" title-off="" title="http://www.andrewbostom.org/2016/08/video-of-my-afa-speech-islam-mindslaughter-and-the-catastrophic-lewis-doctrine/"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3803" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3802" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0084b4; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">http://www.</span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3695" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3694" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0084b4; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">andrewbostom.org/ 2016/08/video-</span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3414" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3413" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0084b4; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">of-my-afa- speech-islam-mindslaughter- and-the-catastrophic-lewis- doctrine/ </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0084b4; letter-spacing: 0.2pt; text-decoration: none;">…</span></span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #292f33; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> “Islam, Mindslaughter,& the Catastrophic ‘Lewis Doctrine'”</span><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">VIDEO of My AFA Speech, </span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.andrewbostom.org/2016/08/video-of-my-afa-speech-islam-mindslaughter-and-the-catastrophic-lewis-doctrine/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">http://www.andrewbostom.org/ 2016/08/video-of-my-afa- speech-islam-mindslaughter- and-the-catastrophic-lewis- doctrine/</a><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> “Islam, Mindslaughter, and the Catastrophic ‘Lewis Doctrine'”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></b></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3696" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Many thanks to Scott Jacobs for uploading the video of my speech last Sunday 8/21/16 at the American Freedom Alliance Conference <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">delivered Sunday, August 21, 2016 at the American Freedom Alliance conference in Los Angeles entitled, “</i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;"><a href="http://www.americanfreedomalliance.org/microsite/islam2016/index.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;">Islam and Western Civilization: Can They Co-Exist</span></i></a></span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">?”</i><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3419" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The text in its entirety was posted at PJ Media last Monday 8/22/16, with the title, “<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;"><a href="https://pjmedia.com/blog/islam-mindslaughter-and-the-catastrophic-lewis-doctrine/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;">Islam, Mindslaughter, and the Catastrophic ‘Lewis Doctrine’</span></a></span>.” </b>I was able to present about ~70% of the full text provided below the embedded video.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Islam, Mindslaughter, and the Catastrophic “Lewis Doctrine”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Andrew Bostom<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Text of a speech delivered Sunday, August 21, 2016 at the American Freedom Alliance conference in Los Angeles entitled, “</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.americanfreedomalliance.org/microsite/islam2016/index.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Islam and Western Civilization: Can They Co-Exist</i></a><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">?”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></i></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Col. Douglas MacGregor is a respected <a href="http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2012/11/petraeus_and_allen_non-combatant_general_disgraces.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">military strategist</a>, who was a <a href="http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2012/11/petraeus_and_allen_non-combatant_general_disgraces.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">heroic</a> tank commander during the 1991 Iraq war.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">As the Gen McChrystal scandal <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/24/us/politics/24mcchrystal.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">broke</a> in 2010, Col MacGregor, who attended West Point with McChrystal, and was angered by the US military’s disastrous Iraq and Afghanistan “nation building” efforts, <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-runaway-general-20100622" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">commented</a> accurately,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The idea that we are going to spend a trillion dollars to reshape the culture of the Islamic world is utter nonsense.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Successful lobbying for that miserably failed utopianism was accomplished by bowdlerizing Islam—indeed <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">mindslaughtering</b> it, a powerful term I will introduce. My discussion will identify the ultimate source of “gravitas” for that bowdlerization process, and key elements of the Islam—not “Islamism,” or “radical Islam”—bowdlerized. <u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Tuesday August 2<sup style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">nd</sup>, (2016) <a href="https://pjmedia.com/blog/khan-flict-freedom-fighter-son-sharia-supremacist-father/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">Khizr Khan</span></a>, who achieved notoriety for his condemnation of Donald Trump at the Democratic National Convention, had the <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/video/2016/08/02/khizr-khan-there-is-no-such-thing-as-sharia-law/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc; letter-spacing: 0.3pt;">temerity</span></a> to tell Anderson Cooper <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #111111;">I do not stand for any Sharia Law because there is no such thing.” </span></b>Except when he, Khan, notes<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">it does exist,</b> as in his 1983 <a href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hujil6&div=3&id=&page=" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">essay</span></a> published in the Houston Journal of International Law, “JURISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ISLAMIC LAW”, which used the word “Sharia” 8X, including this usage:<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #111111;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">“All other juridical works which have been written during more than thirteen centuries are <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">very rich and indispensable, but they must always be subordinated to</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">the <u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Shari'ah</u>…”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">CNN’s Anderson Cooper did not even challenge Khan’s mendacious, self-contradictory assertion let alone follow-up on Khan’s </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://pjmedia.com/blog/khan-flict-freedom-fighter-son-sharia-supremacist-father/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">effusive</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> written praise of two prominent, modern global <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Sharia promoting </b>ideologues, Said Ramadan, and A.K. Brohi, making plain Khan’s support for so-called “Sharia-based human rights.” The Khan-Cooper exchange illustrates, starkly, </span>the contemporary equivalent of what the great chronicler of Soviet Communist mass murder, Robert Conquest, appositely <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Reflections-Ravaged-Century-Robert-Conquest/dp/0393320863" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">characterized</span></a> as <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">MINDSLAUGHTER</i></b>—a brilliantly evocative term for delusive Western apologetics regarding the ideology of Communism, and the tangible horrors its Communist votaries inflicted. Conquest <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Reflections-Ravaged-Century-Robert-Conquest/dp/0393320863" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">decried</span></a> those numerous “Western intellectuals or near intellectuals” of the 1930s through the 1950s whose willful delusions about the Soviet Union, “will be incredible to later students of <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">mental aberration</b>.” He <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Reflections-Ravaged-Century-Robert-Conquest/dp/0393320863" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">observed</span></a>,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">“One role of the democratic media is, of course, to criticize their own governments, and draw attention to the faults and failings of their own country. But when this results in a transfer of loyalties to a far worse and thoroughly inimical culture, or at least to a largely uncritical favoring of such a culture, it <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">becomes a morbid affliction</b>—involving, often enough, the uncritical acceptance of that culture’s own standards”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">His critique of Western media highlights a cultural self-loathing tendency which has persisted and intensified over the intervening decades, and is now manifest in the bowdlerized public discussion of Islam. <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Tragically, such MINDSLAUGHTERED Islamic discourse extends to an iconic figure in conservative punditry on Islam, while the impact of this doyen’s policymaking advice has been disastrous.</b><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Samuel Huntington </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Clash-Civilizations-Remaking-World-Order/dp/0684844419/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1219432474&sr=1-1" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">acknowledged</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> his indebtedness to Bernard Lewis’s 1990 essay, “</span></em><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1990/09/the-roots-of-muslim-rage/304643/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">The Roots of Muslim Rage</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">,” for Huntington’s book title, “The Clash of Civilizations.” Lewis, as Huntington notes (on p. 213), in 1990, had </span></em><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1990/09/the-roots-of-muslim-rage/304643/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">pronounced</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">,</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">This is no less than a clash of civilizations—that perhaps irrational, but surely historic reaction of an ancient rival against our Judeo-Christian heritage, our secular present, and the worldwide expansion of both.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Oracle-like font of Islamic wisdom to a large swath of conservative policymaking elites, Bernard Lewis </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1990/09/the-roots-of-muslim-rage/304643/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">added</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> this caveat:</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">It is crucially important that we on our side should not be provoked into an equally historic but also equally irrational reaction against that rival.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Despite his own morally equivocating advice, Lewis himself convinced the Bush 2 administration to pursue what became known, aptly, as “</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107576070484918411" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">The Lewis Doctrine</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">,” which was not only an irrational, but a catastrophic response to the eminently rational Islamic doctrine of </span></em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Jihad-Andrew-Bostom-M-D/dp/1591026024" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">jihad</span></b></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">.</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Peter Waldman’s methodical, well-sourced Feb 3, 2004<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">WSJ</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>investigative report (“<a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107576070484918411" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">A Historian’s Take on Islam Steers U.S. in Terrorism Fight Bernard Lewis’s Blueprint—Sowing Arab Democracy—Is Facing a Test in Iraq</span></a>”) stands as important confirmation of the overarching ideology which spurred the <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/war-in-iraq-begins" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">March, 2003 Iraq invasion</span></a>. Waldman meticulously documented how Lewis exerted profound influence in shaping the Bush II administration’s “Islamic democracy agenda”—invading Iraq being the sine qua non manifestation of this “Lewis Doctrine.” Lewis, as Waldman<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107576070484918411" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">notes</span></a>, began evangelizing his “Doctrine” to the highest level Bush II administration officials just over a week after 9/11, accompanied, significantly, by the late Ahmad Chalabi, <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">a likely “</b><a href="http://dianawest.net/Home/tabid/36/EntryId/3180/Chalabi-Blame-and-Influence.aspx" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">vector</span></b></a><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">” of Iranian influence.</b></span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Eight days after the Sept. 11 [2001] attacks</span></i></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">,</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">with the Pentagon still smoldering</span></i></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">, Mr. Lewis addressed the U.S. Defense Policy Board.</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"> <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">Mr. Lewis and a friend, Iraqi exile leader Ahmad Chalabi</span></u></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </u><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">–now [circa 2/2004] a member of the interim Iraqi Governing Council—<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">argued for a military takeover of Iraq to avert still-worse terrorism in the future</u>…</span></em></span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Call it the Lewis Doctrine</span></u></i></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">.</span></u></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> ..Mr. Lewis’s diagnosis of the Muslim world’s malaise, and</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></b></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">his call for a U.S. military invasion to seed democracy in the Mideast</span></u></i></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">.</span></u></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">.. As mentor and informal adviser to some top U.S. officials, Mr. Lewis has helped coax the White House to shed decades of thinking about Arab regimes and the use of military power. Gone is the notion that U.S. policy in the oil-rich region should promote stability above all, even if it means taking tyrants as friends.</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Also gone is the corollary notion that fostering democratic values in these lands risks destabilizing them.</span></u></i></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;"> <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Instead, the Lewis Doctrine says fostering Mideast democracy is not only wise but imperative</i></span></u></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">.</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Waldman<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> also </span></span><a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107576070484918411" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">demonstrated</a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> how </span></span>Lewis successfully indoctrinated the ultimate Bush II administration leadership to pursue his utopian design: President George W. Bush, Vice-President Dick Cheney, and most likely, National Security adviser (and later Secretary of State), Condoleeza Rice, as well.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">I contend, after careful review, that the miserably failed “Lewis Doctrine” was a </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sham_Castle" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">sham castle</span></b></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> of dangerous, MINDSLAUGHTERED misrepresentations built upon four pillars: dhimmitude denial; Islamic Jew-hatred denial; Sharia obfuscation; and Lewis’s own inexplicable volte face on his gimlet-eyed 1950s assessments of Islamic totalitarianism, and “hurriyya,” the Islamic antithesis of Western freedom.</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Regarding the imposition of the dhimma, Islam’s humiliating pact of submission for non-Muslims, per </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Jihad-Andrew-Bostom-M-D/dp/1591026024" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">Koran 9:29</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">, and the alleged absence of </span></em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">theological Jew-hatred</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> in Islam, Lewis made these oracular, if vacuous and counterfactual, summary </span></em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-Versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1633881644/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-2" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">pronouncements</span></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">, across three decades:</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">[1974] </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">The dhimma on the whole worked well</span></i></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">. The non-Muslims managed to thrive under Muslim rule, and even to make significant contributions to Islamic civilization. The restrictions were not onerous, and were usually less severe in practice than in theory. As long as the non-Muslim communities accepted and conformed to the status of tolerated subordination assigned to them, they were not troubled.</span></em><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></em></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">[1984] In Islamic society hostility to the Jew is non-theological. It is not related to any specific Islamic doctrine, nor to any specific circumstance in Islamic history. For Muslims it is not part of the birth-pangs of their religion, as it is for Christians.</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">[2006] “dhimmi”-tude [derisively hyphenated] subservience and persecution and ill treatment of Jews… [is a] myth.</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3702" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Shlomo Dov [S. D.] Goitein (d. 1985), unlike Lewis, was a historian, who specialized in the study of Muslim, non-Muslim relations. Goitein, whose seminal research findings were widely published, most notably in the monumental five-volume work <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/395151" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3701" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><i id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3700" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3699" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;">A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza</span></i></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;"> </span>(1967–1993), was Professor Emeritus of the Hebrew University, and a Lewis colleague while at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. The New York Times <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">obituary for Professor Goitein (</span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/10/nyregion/shelomo-d-goitein-a-hebraic-scholar-dies.html?scp=1&sq=Goitein+%2B++obituary&st=nyt" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">published</a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> on February 10, 1985) noted, correctly, that his prolific writings on Islamic culture, and Muslim-non-Muslim relations, were “standard works for scholars in both fields.”<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>Contra Lewis’s uninformed, whitewashed drivel, here is what Goitein </span><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1595067" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue;">wrote</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> on the subject of non-Muslim<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">dhimmis </i>under Muslim rule, that is, “the dhimma covenant,” circa 1970:</span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3811" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3810" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">[<b id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3809" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3808" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">T]he Muslim state was quite the opposite of the ideals propagated by…the principles embedded in the constitution of the United States</u></b>. An Islamic state was part of or coincided with dar al-Islam, the House of Islam. Its treasury was mal al-muslumin, the money of the Muslims.</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"> <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Christians and Jews were not citizens of the state, not even second class citizens. They were outsiders under the protection of the Muslim state, a status <u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">characterized by the term dhimma</u>, <u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">for which protection they had to pay a poll tax specific to them. They were also exposed to a great number of discriminatory and humiliating laws. . . . As it lies in the very nature of such restrictions, soon additional humiliations were added, and before the second century of Islam was out, a complete body of legislation in this matter was in existence. . . . In times and places in which they became too oppressive they lead to the dwindling or even complete extinction of the minorities</u></i></b></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">“The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism,” my own exhaustive <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">treatise</a>, included voluminous materials Lewis never bothered to compile, let alone analyze with comparable intellectual honesty. My careful analyses demonstrated, irrefragably, that the Koran, its classical and modern exegeses by Islam’s greatest commentators, and the traditions of Muhammad, and the nascent Muslim community, are <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">rife</i></b> with virulent, conspiratorial Jew-hating motifs that have been acted upon by Muslims, vis-à-vis Jews, across space and time, from the advent of Islam, till now.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The Koran’s overall <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">discussion</a> of the Jews is marked by a litany of their sins and punishments, as if part of a divine indictment, conviction, and punishment process. Presently, Al Azhar Koranic litanies of 20 to 25 verses describing fixed negative traits of the Jews are popular, widely disseminated, and endorsed in the writings and public statements of this Vatican of Sunni Islam’s<a href="http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/12/28/islam-and-the-global-epidemic-of-muslim-jew-hatred/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">last two</a> Papal equivalents, the late Grand Imam Tantawi, and current Grand Imam al-Tayeb. Such Jew-hating Koranic “highlights” <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">include</a>: Jews as prophet killers, updated in the hadith to include Muhammad himself—allegedly poisoned to death by a Jewess, in a Jewish conspiracy, while the <a href="https://pjmedia.com/blog/deal-partner-read-khameneis-mainstream-koranic-kampf-supporting-israels-annihilation/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">Shiite hadith</span></a> further hold the Jews responsible for the deaths of Ali, and his son Hussein—meriting permanent debasement and humiliation (Koran 2:61/3:112); Jews as apes, or apes and pigs (Koran 2:65; 5:60, 7:166)—a Koranic epithet Muhammad personally directed at the Jews according to the sira before the Muslims subdued, and he personally slaughtered, by beheading, all the post-pubescent males, some 700-900, of the Jewish tribe Banu Qurayza; Jews as inveterate conspirators against Islam (the ancient Koranic antecedent of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Koran 5:64), who harbor the greatest enmity towards the Muslim creed (Koran 5:82). The Jews’ ultimate sin and punishment are made clear in the Koran: they are the devil’s minions (4:51/60) cursed by Allah, their faces will be obliterated (4:47), and if they do not accept the true faith of Islam—the Jews who understand their faith become Muslims (3:113)—they will be made into apes (2:65/ 7:166), or apes and pigs (5:60), and burn in the Hellfires (4:55, 5:29, 98:6, and 58:14-19).<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3718" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">A brilliant, scrupulously documented 72pp/202 ref <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">1937 essay</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;"> </span>in French by rabbi, and Islamic scholar Georges Vajda on the hadith (which Lewis never analyzed, but I felt privileged to have fully translated into English for the first time, and included in <i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism</i>), demonstrated that <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">stubborn malevolence is the Jews defining worldly characteristic in these traditions. Rejecting Muhammad and refusing to convert to Islam out of jealousy, envy and even selfish personal interest, lead them to acts of treachery, in keeping with their inveterate nature: “…sorcery, poisoning, </span>assassination held no scruples for them.” These archetypes sanction Muslim hatred towards the Jews, and the admonition to at best, “subject [the Jews] to Muslim domination,” as dhimmis, treated “with contempt,” under certain “humiliating arrangements.” Vajda’s research on the hadith further illustrates how Sunni Muslim eschatology emphasizes the Jews supreme hostility toward Islam. Jews are described as adherents of the Dajjâl—the Muslim equivalent of the Antichrist— and, per other traditions, the Dajjâl is in fact Jewish. When the Dajjâl is defeated, his Jewish companions will be slaughtered—everything will deliver them up except for the so-called gharkad tree. Thus, according to several canonical hadith, Muhammad himself reportedly declared if a Jew seeks refuge under a tree or a stone, these objects will be able to speak to tell a Muslim: “There is a Jew behind me; come and kill him!” Vajda also emphasizes how the notion of jihad war “ransom” extends even into Islamic eschatology:<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Not only are the Jews vanquished in the eschatological war, but they will serve as ransom for the Muslims in the fires of hell. The sins of certain Muslims will weigh on them like mountains, but on the day of resurrection, these sins will be lifted and laid upon the Jews.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">Lastly, a profound </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/149736289X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=149736289X&linkCode=as2&tag=theboo09-20" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0000cc;">anti-Jewish, and racist motif</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">, put forth in early Muslim Sunni historiography, as well as the Shiite hadith literature, is most assuredly, contra Lewis, a part of “the birth pangs” of Islam: the story of Abd Allah b. Saba, an alleged renegade Yemenite Jew, and, per Sunnis founder of the heterodox Shi’ite sect. Sunnis held him responsible—<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">identified as a black</b> (i.e., a racist motif, as well!) <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Jew</b>—for promoting the Shi’ite heresy and fomenting the rebellion and internal strife associated with this primary breach in Islam’s “political innocence”, culminating in the assassination of the third Rightly Guided Caliph Uthman, and the bitter, lasting legacy of Sunni-Shi’ite sectarian strife. </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Authoritative Shiite authors claimed this <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">identifiably black Jew</b>was guilty of perverting and warping the message of Caliph Ali’s true (Shiite) followers. Mainstream Shiites thus designated Abdullah Ibn Saba an avatar of extreme, heretical beliefs, for which Caliph Ali purportedly had Ibn Saba burned alive, as described in Shiite hadith.</span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The entirety of this ugly Islamic doctrine—shared, with minimal variation, by Sunni and Shiite Islam alike—<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Islamic-Antisemitism-Sacred-History/dp/1591025540/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1471041693&sr=1-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">begot</span></a> chronic, grinding oppression, interspersed with paroxysms of violence, including sporadic, mass murderous pogroms, which affected Jewish communities in Palestine, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, and even mythically tolerant Muslim Spain, to the west, as well as Turkey, to the north, and Iraq and Iran, to the east. Modern Zionism, culminating in the re-establishment of Israel, governed by Jews fully liberated from 13 centuries of jihad-imposed dhimmitude in their ancestral homeland, has re-invigorated Islam’s annihilationist strains of Jew-hatred.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">During a Pew Forum interview April 27, 2006 Bernard Lewis <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2006/04/27/islam-and-the-west-a-conversation-with-bernard-lewis/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">opined</span></a> rather defensively about Islam’s religio-political “law,”<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> the Sharia:<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">“[W]hen we talk of Muslim law, I would remind you that we are talking about law. Sharia is a system of law and adjudication, <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">not </b>of lynching and terror. It is a law that lays down rules, rules for evidence, for indictment, for defense and the rest of it, quite a different matter from what has been happening recently.”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">But Lewis doesn’t elaborate on those “rules,” or <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">any</i></b> of the elements of Sharia which make it so noxious!. I <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">will</b>. Briefly.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Sharia</span></a>, Islam’s canon law is traceable to Koranic verses and edicts (45:18, 42:13, 42:21, 5:48; 4:34, 5:33-34, 5:38, 8:12-14; 9:5, 9:29, 24:2-4), as further elaborated in the “hadith,” or traditions of Islam’s prophet Muhammad and the earliest Muslim community, and codified into formal “legal” rulings by Islam’s greatest classical legists.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Sharia</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>is a retrogressive development compared with the evolution of clear distinctions between “ritual, the law, moral doctrine, good customs in society, etc.,” within Western European Christendom, and it is utterly incompatible with the conceptions of human rights enshrined in the US Bill of Rights. Liberty-crushing, and dehumanizing,<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Sharia</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>sanctions : open-ended <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Jihad-Andrew-Bostom-M-D/dp/1591026024" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">jihadism</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>to subjugate the world to a totalitarian Islamic order; rejection of bedrock Western liberties — including freedom of conscience and speech — enforced by imprisonment, beating, or death; discriminatory relegation of non-Muslims to outcast, vulnerable pariahs, and even Muslim women to subservient chattel; and barbaric punishments which violate human dignity, such as amputation for theft, stoning to death for adultery, and lashing for alcohol consumption. Compounding these fundamental freedom and dignity-abrogating iniquities, “matters of procedure” under<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Islamic law</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>are antithetical to Western conceptions of the rule of law: “evidentiary proof,” is<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">non-existent</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>by Western legal standards, and the<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Sharia</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>doctrine of <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;">siyasa</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> </span></span>(“government” or “administration”), grants wide latitude to the ruling elites, rendering<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">permissible</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span>arbitrar y threats, beatings, and imprisonments of defendants to extract “confessions,” particularly from “dubious” suspects. Clearly, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Sharia</span></a> “standards,” which do not even seek evidentiary legal truth, and allow threats, imprisonment, and beatings of defendants to obtain “confessions,” while sanctioning explicit, blatant legal discrimination against women and non-Muslims, are intellectually and morally inferior to the antithetical concepts which underpin Western law.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">In light of the still raging 2006 Danish cartoons controversy, regarding the “crime” of blaspheming Islam’s prophet, specifically, thus </span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.pewforum.org/2006/04/27/islam-and-the-west-a-conversation-with-bernard-lewis/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">spake</span></i></a><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> Lewis, the Islamic Yoda of our generation, circa April, 2006:</span></em></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-style: normal; padding: 0in;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></b></em></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">“The jurists on the whole tend to take a rather mild view of this offense.”</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">Really?</span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;"> Carl Brockelmann (d.1956), the renowned scholar of Semitic languages, and arguably the foremost Orientalist of his generation, made these candid observations in 1939 about the Sharia’s injunctions pertaining to penal law in general, and so-called “blasphemy and apostasy,” specifically—Islamic Law being “valid” eternally, and all too widely applied in Brockelmann’s era, through the present.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">“The penal code of Islam has remained on a rather primitive level…Blasphemy with respect to Allah, the Prophet, and his predecessors is punished by death, as is defection from Islam, if the culprit persists in his disbelief.”</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">Consider</span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;"> the modern views on blasphemy </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/149736289X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=149736289X&linkCode=as2&tag=theboo09-20" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">articulate</span></a><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">d</span></u><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> by the late Ayatollah Montazeri (d. Dec 2009), gushingly </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/149736289X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=149736289X&linkCode=as2&tag=theboo09-20" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">championed</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> by fervent Lewis acolytes Michael Ledeen and Reuel Gerecht, and deemed the enlightened </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/149736289X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=149736289X&linkCode=as2&tag=theboo09-20" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">spiritual godfather</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> of the so-called Iranian Green Movement. The good Ayatollah adhered rigorously to the traditionalist Shiite dogma on “sabb,” or blasphemy, <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">i.e., instant, lethal punishment of the offender,</b> </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/149736289X/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=149736289X&linkCode=as2&tag=theboo09-20" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">declaring</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">“In cases of sabb al-Nabi [blasphemy against a prophet, in particular, Muhammad]…<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">if the witness does not have fear of his or her life it is obligatory for him or her to kill the insulter</b>.”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">“Rising Restrictions on Religion,”</span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;"> a</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/08/RisingRestrictions-web.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">report</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> by the Pew Research Center issued August 9, 2011, examined the issue of “defamation” of religion, tracking countries where various penalties are enforced for apostasy, blasphemy or criticism of religions. <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“While such laws are sometimes promoted as a way to protect religion, in practice they often serve to punish religious minorities whose beliefs are deemed unorthodox or heretical,”</b> the report noted. The Pew report, consistent with Brockelmann’s assessment from 1939, </span><a href="http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/08/RisingRestrictions-web.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">found</a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> that application of the Sharia at present resulted in a disproportionate number of Muslim countries,<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> 21</b>—Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Brunei, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Maldives, Morocco, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Western Sahara and Yemen—registering the highest (i.e.,<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">worst</span></em>) persecution scores on their scale. Furthermore, the Pew investigators </span><a href="http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/08/RisingRestrictions-web.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">observed</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Eight-in-ten countries in the Middle East-North Africa region have laws against blasphemy, apostasy or defamation of religion, the highest share of any region. These penalties are enforced in 60% of the countries in the region.</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">As a predictable consequence of this Sharia-based application of apostasy and blasphemy laws by Islamic governments, the Pew report also </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/08/RisingRestrictions-web.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">documented</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> that,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">…the share of national governments that showed hostility toward minority religions involving physical violence was much higher in countries where laws against blasphemy, apostasy or defamation of religion are actively enforced</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Bernard Lewis's April 2006 apologetic on the Sharia was complemented by the stunning claim he made during a<a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/09/bring_them_freedom_or_they_des.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">lecture</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"> </span></span></a>delivered July 16, 2006 about the transferability of Western democracy to despotic Muslim societies, such as Iraq. He concluded with the statement, "<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Either we bring them freedom, or they destroy us,</span></em>"<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> which was </span></span><a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/09/bring_them_freedom_or_they_des.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">published</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>as, "Bring Them Freedom Or They Destroy Us," and disseminated widely. Yet Lewis never elucidated the yawning gap between Western and Islamic conceptions of freedom—<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">hurriyya</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>in Arabic. This omission was striking given his contribution to the official <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Encyclopedia of Islam</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hurriyya-COM_0301?s.num=0&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=hurriyya#d38216455e206" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">entry</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>on hurriyya. Lewis egregiously omitted not only his earlier writings on<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">hurriyya</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>but what he had also <a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2608416?uid=3739888&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101267961151" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">termed</a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> the </span></span>“authoritarian or even totalitarian” essence of Islamic societies.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Hurriyya</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">, “freedom,” is—as Ibn Arabi (d. 1240) the lionized "Greatest Sufi Master,"<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Muslim_concept_of_freedom_prior_to_t.html?id=QQYdAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">expressed it</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"> </span></span></a>"perfect slavery," and following Islamic law slavishly throughout one's life was paramount to hurriyya. Bernard Lewis, in his Encyclopedia of Islam<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hurriyya-COM_0301?s.num=0&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=hurriyya#d38216455e206" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">analysis</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>of<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">hurriyya</span></em>, discusses this concept in the latter phases of the Ottoman Empire, through the contemporary era. Lewis<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hurriyya-COM_0301?s.num=0&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=hurriyya#d38216455e206" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">maintained</span></a>,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">…there is still no idea that the subjects have any right to share in the formation or conduct of government-to political freedom, or citizenship, in the sense which underlies the development of political thought in the West.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">Lewis also makes the important<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hurriyya-COM_0301?s.num=0&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=hurriyya#d38216455e206" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">point</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"> </span></span></a>that Western colonialism transiently ameliorated this chronic situation:<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">During the period of British and French domination, individual freedom was never much of an issue</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">.<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Though often limited and sometimes suspended, it was on the whole more extensive and better protected than either before or after</span></em>.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">And Lewis concludes his entry by<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hurriyya-COM_0301?s.num=0&s.rows=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=hurriyya#d38216455e206" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">observing</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>that Islamic societies forsook even their inchoate democratic experiments,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">In the final revulsion against the West, Western democracy too was rejected as a fraud and a delusion, of no value to Muslims.<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Lewis, viewed the immediate post-World War II era of democratic experimentation by Muslim societies as an<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Sharia-versus-Freedom-Islamic-Totalitarianism/dp/1616146664/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1350259763&sr=8-1&keywords=Sharia+Versus+Freedom" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">objective failure</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"> </span></span></a>, rooted in Islamic totalitarianism, which he compared directly to Communist totalitarianism, in his 1954 essay, “<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2608416?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">Communism and Islam</span></a>,”<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2608416?uid=3739888&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101267975541" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">noting</a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span>their "uncomfortable resemblances" with some apprehension. Lewis characterized the <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“</b><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">political history of Islam,” as “one of almost unrelieved autocracy</span></em><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">.”</span></b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> He </span><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2608416?seq=1" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0000cc;">added</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">,<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">“[I]t was authoritarian, often arbitrary, sometimes tyrannical</span></i></b><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">. There are no parliaments or representative assemblies of any kind…in the history of Islam; nothing but the sovereign power, to which the subject owed complete and unwavering obedience as a religious duty imposed by the Holy Law”</span></i><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></i></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">Directly comparing Islam and Communism, Lewis </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2608416?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0000cc;">observed</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">:<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;">“Both offer an exhilarating feeling of mission, of purpose, of being engaged in a collective adventure to accelerate the historically inevitable victory of the true faith over the infidel evil-doers.</span></i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">The traditional Islamic division of the world into the House of Islam and the House of War, two necessarily opposed groups, of which-the first has the collective obligation of perpetual struggle against the second, also has obvious parallels in the Communist view of world affairs. There again, the content of belief is utterly different, but the aggressive fanaticism of the believer is the same…The call to a Communist Jihad, a Holy War for the faith-a new faith, but against the self-same Western Christian enemy -- might well strike a responsive note</span></em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;">.”<u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">Consistent with Bernard Lewis’s </span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/09/bring_them_freedom_or_they_des.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">admonition</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">, </span>"Bring Them Freedom Or They Destroy Us," <span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">the US military, at an enormous cost of blood and treasure,<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> l</span>iberated Afghanistan and Iraq from despotic regimes. However, as facilitated by the Sharia-based Afghan and Iraqi constitutions the US military occupation helped midwife—which formally negated freedom of conscience, and promoted the persecution of non-Muslim religious minorities—<b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“</b><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">they</span></em><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">,” </b>i.e., the Muslim denizens of Afghanistan and Iraq have chosen to reject the opportunity for Western freedom <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“</b><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; padding: 0in;">we</span></em><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">”</b>provided them, and transmogrified it into <b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“hurriyya.” </b></span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">With sad predictability, Lewis, in an April 2, 2011 Wall Street Journal </span><a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703712504576234601480205330" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">interview</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">, managed to reject his own 1950s characterizations of Islam as authoritarian, even totalitarian, while burbling his subsequent oft repeated pieties about the putative tolerant, anti-authoritarian “tradition” of Islam, to cast a hopeful light on the Arab Spring:</span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">The whole Islamic tradition is very clearly against autocratic and irresponsible rule.. We have a much better chance of establishing…some sort of open, tolerant society, if it’s done within their systems, according to their traditions.</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3717" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">Finally, in May, 2012, George W. Bush appeared to have learned nothing from the Iraq democratization debacle, and how it repudiated his blind adherence to the “Lewis Doctrine.” Mr. Bush </span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3715" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://cnsnews.com/news/article/bush-arab-spring-broadest-challenge-authoritarian-rule-collapse-soviet-communism" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">hector</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #0000cc;">ed</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3714" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">critics who did not share his ebullient cognitive dissonance about the then unfolding so-called Arab Spring phenomenon, declaring</span><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></span></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; padding: 0in;">Some look at the risks inherent in democratic change, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, and find the dangers too great. America, they argue, should be content with supporting the flawed leaders they know, in the name of stability.</span></em><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14pt;">Bush II even made the outrageous<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3709" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://cnsnews.com/news/article/bush-arab-spring-broadest-challenge-authoritarian-rule-collapse-soviet-communism" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">claim</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3708" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">that the, de facto </span><a href="https://pjmedia.com/blog/spring-time-for-sharia-in-araby/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #0000cc; padding: 0in;">Springtime for Sharia in Araby</span></a><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"> </span></span><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3712" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;">was tantamount to<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </span><i id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1472397591199_3711" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“the broadest challenge to authoritarian rule since the collapse of Soviet Communism.”</i><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><u style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u></u></span></span></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-86620156741355745602016-08-07T18:21:00.002-07:002016-08-07T18:21:58.700-07:00CAN INDIA LEARN SOMETHINGS FROM THAILAND AND ITS HISTORICAL INTERNATIONAL POLITICS ? IS INDIA HEADED TO BECOME A PROXY CLIENT STATE TO SOME WORLD POWERS OR CAN LEARN A BALANCING ACT ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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By Tony Cartalucci<br />
<strong>Source:</strong> <a href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/pivot-to-asia-us-meddling-in-thailand-boosts-bangkok-moscow-ties/5523319" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Global Research, May 4, 2016</a><br />
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The so-called “Pivot to Asia” serving as the current underpinning of American foreign policy in Asia has been repeatedly exposed as a continuation of a decades-old cynical region-wide US gambit to encircle and contain China while establishing military, sociopolitical, and economic hegemony over China’s neighbors, particularly those in East and Southeast Asia.</div>
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US proxies have long held power in the Philippines and Japan, while Myanmar has recently found itself under direct Western influence through US-British proxy Aung San Suu Kyi and her army of US-British funded political fronts and faux-nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).<br />
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Other nations, including Malaysia and Indonesia have encountered increasing hostility from the “pivoting” United States as they choose closer ties to China in exchange for infrastructure and meaningful economic relations versus the West’s non-negotiable “free trade agreements” and one-sided military “partnerships.”<br />
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Thailand finds itself geographically, historically, and geopolitically at the center of this “pivot.” Historically, Thailand remains the only Southeast Asian state to avoid European or American colonization. It has accomplished this by striking a delicate balancing act between various opposing hegemonic forces in the region.<br />
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More recently, it has weathered over 10 years of political instability brought about by US-proxy Thaksin Shinawatra who served as prime minister from 2001-2006, with his brother-in-law and sister served as nepotist stand-ins up to 2014 when finally he and his political party were completely removed from power by a peaceful military coup.<br />
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During Shinawatra’s time in power, he would serve Western interests well – sending Thai troops to participate in the unpopular and illegal US invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003, hosting the CIA’s atrocious rendition program on Thai soil, and attempting to ramrod through a US-Thai free trade agreement without parliamentary approval.<br />
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Since Shinawatra’s initial removal from power in 2006 and up to and including today, he has received unswerving support from some of the largest lobbying firms in Washington including his former Carlyle Group associate James Baker, Barbour Griffith & Rogers, Robert Amsterdam, and notorious Neo-Conservative Kenneth Adelman. It is clear that the US seeks to put Shinawatra back into power, or at the very least, use his political front to divide and weaken Thailand as much as possible to gain additional regional leverage.<br />
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Thailand now finds itself at the end of a US-European campaign to isolate and shame the nation for dismantling the foreign-backed political networks of Thaksin Shinawatra. Western headlines portray Thailand as an international pariah, when in reality, its increasingly closer relations with Bejing alone equates to the support of a nation that – by itself – represents more people than the US and EU combined. But Beijing is not Thailand’s only potential ally. There is another.<br />
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<strong>Enter Moscow</strong><br />
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Later this month – May 2016 – Thai Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha plans to visit Moscow personally on what is hoped to be a significant leap forward in Thailand and Russia’s already long-standing relations. The increasingly transparent nature of America’s growing hostility toward Thailand in hopes of putting Shinawatra back into power leaves the Southeast Asian state little choice but to perform a “pivot” of its own. And it is a pivot that has been incrementally manifesting itself since Shinawatra was removed from power in 2006.<br />
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Today, Russian Mi-17 helicopters have begun to replace US aircraft and now can be seen flying over Bangkok in place of US Blackhawks. Thailand has also begun replacing its aging arsenal of American M-60, M-48, and M-41 tanks, with serious consideration being given to Russian T-90s which have performed well in Syria against US-backed violence there.<br />
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Additionally, Ukrainian, Chinese, and domestically-developed armored personnel carriers have begun replacing US M-113s.<br />
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The pattern developing here is one of US influence being incrementally replaced – and not because Thailand has sought conflict with Washington, but because Washington has given Thailand little choice otherwise.<br />
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PM Prayut’s visit to Moscow will determine just how much more US influence will be replaced in favor of growing ties with Russia. It is believed that the decision to purchase T-90 tanks will be made then, along with deals involving naval equipment and economic deals involving Thai agriculture.<br />
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Russia, currently under sanctions by the US and EU, has been forced to look elsewhere for agricultural imports. Thai agricultural products have been increasingly targeted by politically-motivated campaigns in the US and Europe, making them a perfect match for Russia.<br />
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What is emerging is not the isolation of Russia or Thailand from the “world,” but the isolation of the US and EU.<br />
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<strong>Hopes After May</strong><br />
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For Russia, expanding its influence as a means of checking US hegemony in Asia is a welcomed development by many. It also gives Asia a choice beyond merely “Beijing or Washington” in favor of instead a multipolar balance that may stave off any one single power from encroaching too far upon the sovereignty of any single Asian state.<br />
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For Thailand, its ability to foster ties with both Russia and China means that despite claims by the US and Europe that it is “isolated” internationally, it has the support of governments who represent more people than the the US and EU collectively – meaning that far from isolated, Thailand is escaping out from under the shadow the US has long cast over Southeast Asia before and after the Second World War, and is finally able to strike a healthier balance of military and economic relations elsewhere.<br />
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For the United States, Thailand’s ability to circumvent attempts to isolate it represent a failure and a challenge to its claims of hegemony over the region. Just as Thailand’s rebuke of US demands to allow suspected Chinese terrorists to travel onward to Turkey resulted in deadly terrorism in the middle of Bangkok, further challenges to US hegemony are likely to be met by increased political subversion, terrorism, and other methods of US coercion.<br />
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Of course, Bangkok must not fool itself into thinking that a different course of actions would spare it from such a fate. The US means to transform Thailand into a proxy-state with its institutions destroyed and replaced with those of Washington’s creation, whether Thailand cooperates or not. By building ties with Russia and China and thus strength and independence from Western influence, Thailand at least has a chance to weather US designs – as it has done for centuries against foreign aggression. Closer anti-terror cooperation with Russia and China, may in fact help expose and defeat coercive networks used by the US as part of its true “pivot” to Asia.<br />
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<strong><em>Tony Cartalucci</em></strong>, Bangkok-based geopolitical researcher and writer, especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”.<br />
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The original source of this article is NEO<br />
Copyright © Tony Cartalucci, NEO, 2016</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-21060471887820540192016-08-07T17:41:00.000-07:002016-08-09T14:39:29.071-07:00MAHARAJA HARI SINGH OF KASHMIR PRINCELY STATE WAS ABANDONED BY MAOUNTBATTEN. HE PROBABLY WOULD HAVE RECEIVED BETTER MILITARY HELP IN RESPONSE FROM RUSSIA OR CHINA IN THOSE DAYS. HE WAS TOTALLY BETRAYED BY NEHRU, GANDHI, MOUNTBATTEN TRIO. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU BECAME THE DE FACTO KING OF KASHMIR BY OUSTING THE MAHARAJA OF KASHMIR.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong>Text Of Letter Dated October 26, 1947 From Hari Singh, The Maharaja Of Jammu & Kashmir to Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India.</strong></div>
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Dated: 26 October 1947<br />
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My dear Lord Mountbatten,<br />
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I have to inform your Excellency that a grave emergency has arisen in my State and request immediate assistance of your Government.</div>
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As your Excellency is aware the State of Jammu and Kashmir has not acceded to the Dominion of India or to Pakistan. Geographically my State is contiguous to both the Dominions. It has jvital economical and cultural llinks with both of them. Besides my State has a common boundary with the Soviet Republic and China. In their external relations the Dominions of India and Pakistan cannot ignore this fact.</div>
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I wanted to take time to decide to which Dominion I should accede, or whether it is not in the best interests of both the Dominions and my State to stand independent, of course with friendly and cordial relations with both.<br />
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I accordingly approached the Dominions of India and Pakistan to enter into Standstill Agreement with my State. The Pakistan Government accepted this Agreement. The Dominion of India desired further discussions with representatives of my Government. I could not arrange this in view of the developments indicated below. In fact the Pakistan Government are operating Post and Telegraph system inside the State.<br />
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Though we have got a Standstill Agreement with the Pakistan Government that Government permitted steady and increasing strangulation of supplies like food, salt and petrol to my State.<br />
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Afridis, solidiers in plain clothes, and desperadoes with modern weapons have been allowed to infilter into the State at first in Poonch and then in Sialkot and finally in mass area adjoining Hazara District on the Ramkot side. The result has been that the limited number of troops at the disposal of the State had to be dispersed and thus had to face the enemy at the several points simultaneously, that it has become difficult to stop the wanton destruction of life and property and looting. The Mahora powerhouse which supplies the electric current to the whole of Srinagar has been burnt. The numer of women who have been kidnapped and raped makes my heart bleed. The wild forces thus let loose on the State are marching on with the aim of capturing Srinagar, the summer Capital of my Government, as first step to over-running the whole State.<br />
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The mass infiltration of tribesmen drawn from distant areas of the North-West Frontier coming regularly in motor trucks using Mansehra-Muzaffarabad Road and fully armed with up-to-date weapons cannot possibly be done without the knowledge of the Provisional Government of the North-West Frontier Province and the Government of Pakistan. In spite of repeated requests made by my Government no attempt has been made to check these raiders or stop them from coming into my State. The Pakistan Radio even put out a story that a Provinsional Government had been set up in Kashmir. The people of my State both the Muslims and non-Muslims generally have taken no part at all.<br />
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With the conditions obtaining at present in my State and the grreat emergency of the situation as it exists, I have no option but to ask for help from the Indian Dominion. Naturally they cannot send the help asked for by me without my State acceding to the Dominion of India. I have accordingly decided to do so and I attach the Instrument of Accession for acceptance by your Government. The other alternative is to leave my State and my people to free-booters. On this basis no civilized Government can exist or be maintained. This alternative I will never allow to happen as long as I am Ruler of the State and I have life to defend my country.<br />
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I am also to inform your Excellency's Government that it is my intention at once to set up an interim Government and ask Sheikh Abdullah to carry the responsibilities in this emergency with my Prime Minister.<br />
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If my State has to be saved immediate assistance must be available at Srinagar. Mr. Menon is fully aware of the situation and he will explain to you, if further explanation is needed.<br />
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In haste and with kind regards,<br />
<br />
The Palace, Jammu Your sincerely,<br />
<br />
26th October, 1947 Hari Singh</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-67588675244831875042016-08-07T17:23:00.000-07:002016-08-07T17:23:22.644-07:00ARTICLE 370 IS A TAIL WAGGING THE DOG AND NO CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERTS KNOW HOW TO AMPUTATE IT EVEN AFTER RECOGNIZING IS AS AN OXYMORON IN DEMOCRACY: A PRIVATE DEAL BETWEEN JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND SHEIKH ABDULLAH (WHO HAD CLOSE BLOOD TIES ?) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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When Hindu rulers of the princely states signed the Instrument of Accession, they surrendered legislative<span class="GramE">, judicial</span> and executive control of three subjects – Defence, Communication, External Affairs and Ancillaries. This in effect meant that the princely states would have the right to decide upon policies, implementation and administration with regard to other issues, through such arrangements as they deemed fit. One such arrangement would have on been for the rulers to frame constitutions for their erstwhile kingdoms; state constitutions, which would have given their arrangements a modern, legal framework.</div>
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But <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel, in the course of integrating all princely states into the Indian Union, persuaded the rulers to accept the Indian Constitution in <span class="SpellE">toto</span> and integrate completely into the Indian Union, assuring them that not only would there be no minimising of their royal stature and privileges but that they could and indeed they should send their representatives to the Constituent Assembly and participate actively in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. This, let us remember <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel did after Gandhi adopted a dismissive and even contemptuous attitude towards the rulers of the princely states who met Gandhi to know his mind about the future status of kings and their kingdoms in the event of political independence from the British. Gandhi far from reassuring them, even made his intent known publicly in one of his prayer meetings that he was quite prepared to hand over all princely states to the Muslim League under certain conditions. <span class="SpellE">Besids</span>, Gandhi also appointed Nehru and the <span class="SpellE">Nawab</span> of Bhopal to choose 92 representatives from among more than five hundred princely states to the Constituent Assembly.</div>
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Deeply concerned by the negative bent of mind of both Gandhi and Nehru, the Hindu princely states decided not to participate in the Constituent assembly and that they would not send any representative. But Gandhi’s assassination in January 1948 gave Patel the space and the freedom to reach out to the princely states again with respect and reassurances. The rulers of the princely states were assured by <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel that the Constitution would provide for all their concerns and guarantee equal rights to all regions and all peoples. The princely states acceding to India thus accepted the Indian Constitution totally; except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. That was Nehru’s personal fiefdom and Patel was kept away by a determined Nehru and <span class="SpellE">Sheokh</span> Abdullah from dealing with that state.</div>
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A brief glance at the history of J&K at the turn of the century leading up to Sheikh Abdullah hounding the Maharaja out of the state and negotiating individually with Nehru will throw a great deal of light on the imponderables that caused Article 370 to be included in the Indian Constitution. The root cause was Nehru’s intense hatred of Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh, Gandhi’s similar contempt for the rulers of the princely states and his overwhelming love for Nehru which made him hand over the affairs of the Kingdom of Jammu, Kashmir, <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> and the <span class="SpellE">Tibets</span> to Nehru on a platter. .</div>
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<strong>The history behind Article 370</strong></div>
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The RSS and its <span class="SpellE">parivar</span> organizations, except the BJP, is convinced that the only way to render justice to Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> which have been victims of the Abdullah/Mufti <span class="SpellE">Sayeed</span> clan, is to trifurcate/<span class="SpellE">quadrificate</span> J&K into Jammu, <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>, the Kashmir valley and a homeland for the persecuted and displaced Kashmiri <span class="SpellE">Pandits</span>, carved out from the valley itself. Demands for such a division of J&K still ignites <span class="SpellE">jiahdi</span> fires in the Kashmir valley.</div>
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But what they conveniently choose to ignore is that the two-nation theory of which the J&K constitution, the separate flag, Article 370 are all symptoms, was already implemented in J&K when Nehru conceded every one of Sheikh Abdullah’s untenable demands which made the Muslim-majority state of J&K a special state in the Indian Union. And when the RSS calls for trifurcating the state and when the VHP calls for <span class="SpellE">quadrificating</span> the state, it is not to hand over the remains of the state to Pakistan. Hindu majority Jammu will be fully integrated with Indian Union without the provision of the separatist Article 370; <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> will be made into a Union Territory while the Kashmir valley alone or what is left of it after a separate homeland has been carved out for Kashmiri <span class="SpellE">Pandits</span>, can retain Article 370 and its illusory privileges.</div>
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The <span class="SpellE">Abdullahs</span> and the secular section of the Indian intellectual class are thrown into a panic as demands for division of the state is made <span class="SpellE">everytime</span> jihad raises its head. They declare that such a division would deal a mortal blow to secularism. Implied is the proposition that it is a victory for secularism that the Muslim majority state of J&K chooses and continues to be a part of the Indian Union. And as for secularism, who are they kidding? The J&K state has rejected, from behind the fig-leaf of Article 370, that part of the 42nd amendment to the Indian Constitution by which certain core changes were made to the Preamble which now includes the words ‘ socialist secular’ and ‘unity and integrity’.</div>
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The J&K state has steadfastly refused to recognize, uphold and defend the ‘socialist’, ‘secular’ and ‘integrity’ parts of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. That this does not apply to the state of J&K has been stated in the Restatement of the Constitution (Application to J&K) order, 1954, which is Appendix II of some publications of the Indian Constitution. What does the secular brigade have to say about that considering they lose no opportunity to declare that secularism is the basic feature of our Constitution and the underlying principle of governance?</div>
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Beginning with the Preamble of the Constitution, Article 370 has defined the jurisdiction of the Indian Constitution in J&K. Let us quickly take a look at some of the more important laws that apply and those that do not apply to the state of J&K. This will help us to understand better the implications and the utter futility of granting any ‘greater autonomy’ to the state or to even consider a return to the pre-1953 status.</div>
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<strong>The Jekyll and Hyde of Article 370</strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 27pt;"></span></div>
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Article 370 has two personalities, so to say. It is a double-edged tool. It is a legal paradox which both integrates and divides the state from the rest of India. Like <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel said, it is a mechanism by which the President of India can issue special Orders which extend several Indian constitutional provisions that prevail in the rest of the country, to the state of J&K too. Under Article 370, the President, through the Constitution (Application to J&K) Orders of 1950, 1954 and several times thereafter up until 1994 has so far brought the state of J&K under the purview of 205 national Acts and laws. These include several important laws concerning Labour, laws concerning Customs, excise and other Taxes, The Negotiable Instruments Act, The Census Act, The Reserve Bank of India Act, The Imports and Exports (control) Act, The Banking Companies Act, The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, The Representation of People Act, The Companies Act, and Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act being some of the more important acts which has integrated the state of J&K with mainstream national laws. This is the Dr. Jekyll face of Article 370.</div>
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But, as I said, this integration is only one side of the tool, pardon the mixed metaphors. The other side is a dangerous weapon. It is this side which has caused the maximum damage not only to the state but to the national fibre. While on the one hand Article 370 has enabled the extension of several laws to prevail in J&K, it has also kept the Indian Constitution from being implemented in <span class="SpellE">toto</span>. The Mr. Hyde face of Article 370 states that Parliament may make laws for that state only with the consultation or concurrence of the state government. There are several parts of the Indian Constitution which do not apply to the state at all or apply with modifications. A very major section of the chapter on the Fundamental Rights of a citizen, enshrined in our national Constitution, does not apply to the stateof J&K. Two very important provisions of our Constitution which deserve attention in this context, and which either do not apply to J&K or apply with modification, are Articles 352 and 360 relating to declaring a state of Emergency in the country as a whole or in any part of the territory of this country.</div>
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As per Article 352, if the President of India is convinced that there is an imminent danger to national security either because of external aggression, possibility of war or because of armed rebellion from within the country, he may, upon receiving a written communication from the Union Cabinet, proclaim a state of emergency in the whole country or in any part of the country which is so threatened. But Article 370 has enabled the modification of this Article with respect to J&K in that while the President may declare emergency in the whole country in the event of a war or external aggression, he may not declare emergency in J&K without the consent of the state government in cases of internal armed rebellion. This means that even when terrorism brings the state to a point of total anarchy or breakdown of law and order, the President cannot declare a state of emergency in J&K without the permission or request of the state government.</div>
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As for Article 360 by which the President may declare a financial emergency in the whole or part of this country, it does not apply to the state of J&K at all. Given the runaway corruption in J&K afflicting all areas of governance and administration, and given the lack of political will to deal with it, a state of financial emergency can never be declared by the President even when the state teeters on the brink of a complete economic or financial breakdown. The CBI has no jurisdiction in J&K and neither do the CVC nor the Indian Penal Code. Not that alone; The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 also does not apply to J&K.</div>
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If this were not enough, what has escaped media and academic scrutiny is the delimitation of Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir. Though <span class="SpellE">Kashmiris</span> constitute roughly only 22 per cent of the State’s total population, the mechanism cleverly devised by Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference Party in 1951 enables it to capture nearly half of the total Assembly and <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> seats. The National Conference, with the full complicity of Nehru and successive Congress governments has violated every norm set by the Delimitation Act (which had no jurisdiction in J&K then, courtesy Article 370), and carved out 46 Assembly segments in the small Valley as against 41 segments combined for the Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> regions which are far bigger territorially and several times more populated than the Valley; and three of the six seats to the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> have been cornered by the Valley Muslims alone. This discriminatory nature of representation in the Assembly and Parliament is totally contrary to the rules framed under the Indian Parliament’s Representation of People’s Act, 1951, and those under the relevant State Act of 1957.</div>
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This cornering of the major chunk of Assembly segments and <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> seats has ensured once and for all that the Muslims of the state have a decisive say in all affairs of the state. This not only violates all democratic norms but is also a violation of the principle of pluralism to which passionate lip service is paid by the secular brigade in the media and academia. But the valley is a Sunni Muslim majority region and even the remnants of Hindus after five centuries of violent and coercive Islam have today been hounded out altogether.</div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">Article 32, the pernicious Article 35 A and what it means</span></strong></div>
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By far the most offensive and the root cause of all major problems in J&K lies in the modification of Article 35 of the Indian Constitution through the mechanism of Article 370. Not that alone, to Article 35 is added 35 A which carries the cancerous cell that has sapped the state of J&K of its vitality and life-force. These changes, like other amendments effected through Article 370, are not a part of the text of the Constitution. Therefore, any reader who does not care to read Appendix II of the Constitution of India will never know that a very pernicious and undemocratic change has been made to Article 35 or that together with 35 A they constitute the root cause of the evil side of Article 370. It is because of the changes made to Article 35 and because of Article 35 A of the Indian Constitution that Article 370 has to go and its roots, the J&K state constitution. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">This may be the right moment to raise the question whether these major changes and amendments made to the Indian Constitution through Article 370 and which are contained only as Appendix I and II, are even a part of the Indian Constitution. And as such, are these changes constitutional?</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">The modification made to Article 35, the inclusion of Article 35 A and the fact that Articles 12 to 15 of the Indian Constitution do not apply to the state of J&K must be taken and read together to understand why the J&K constitution is a perversion of democracy</span></span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">. Democracy’s underlying principle is equality before law. By completely disregarding the fundamental democratic principle of equality, the National Conference, whose brainchild the state constitution is, continues to preside over a feudal political arrangement. The ultimate perversion lies in the fact that there is no judicial redress for the affected people of J&K whose fundamental rights have been violated and who have been denied the basic right to equality. Let us take Articles 35 and 35 A apart, piece by piece, to see the perversion clearly.</span></div>
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As per Constitution (Application to J&K) Order of 1971, clause (3) of Article 32 will not apply to the state of J&K. Article 32 specifies the remedies available to every citizen for enforcement of rights conferred by the Constitution and contained in the chapter on Fundamental Rights. Clause (3) of Article 32 says that while any citizen whose fundamental rights have been violated or who has been denied his fundamental rights may approach the Supreme Court for redress and while the Supreme Court shall have the power ‘to issue irections or orders’ for the enforcement of these rights, Parliament too “may by law empower any other court to exercise within its local limits all those powers conferred on the Supreme Court to enforce these rights”. This means not just the Supreme Court alone but any other court in a state or union territory can be empowered by parliament to assume the very same powers as those of the Supreme Court to enforce the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution.</div>
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The chapter on Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution lists the constitutional rights to which every Indian citizen is entitled. These rights can be enforced through judicial intervention and parliament has the right to make laws for any part of the country or for the country as a whole to protect and enforce these rights. These rights are inviolable except in situation of a state of Emergency in the country. Article 35 declares that parliament has the right and state legislatures do not have the power to make laws for enforcing these rights, for prescribing punishment for acts declared to be offences under this part and so on. But using the provision of Article 370, the state of J&K has refused to allow Parliament to make laws for the state under clause (3) of Article 16 and clause (3) of Article 32, both of which, besides Articles 33 and 34 are matters mentioned in Article 35A (<span class="SpellE">i</span>) as being areas for which Parliament has the right to make laws.</div>
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<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">By refusing to accept the jurisdiction of clause (3) of Article 32, the state of J&K has violated the fundamental rights of a section of the citizens of India residing in J&K, and who do not belong to a category created by the National Conference called ‘permanent residents’</span></span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">. The National Conference may disclaim any responsibility for the creation of this category with the explanation that ‘permanent residents’ is the new name given to the category of residents of J&K previously known as ‘state subjects’ which was created in 1927 when the state was ruled by the <span class="SpellE">Dogras</span>. But this argument is fallacious because while the Maharaja may have had very good reasons for creating this category (shall come to this shortly), there was no reason for continuing with this classification of the residents in J&K as ‘state subjects’ and non-state subjects’ in independent India governed by the Indian Constitution.</span></div>
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What are the implications of clause (3) of Article 32 not being applicable to J&K? It means that those citizens of India who are resident in J&K but who are not ‘permanent residents’ as defined by Section 6 of the J&K state constitution, cannot challenge in any court the denial by the state government of the fundamental rights guaranteed to them by the Indian Constitution because the J&K state constitution has its own version of fundamental rights which is not guaranteed to all residents of J&K. Only the ‘permanent residents’ of J&K are so privileged. And those residents of <span class="GramE">J&K</span> who are denied these fundamental rights, cannot approach either the Supreme Court or any local court within J&K for redress because Article 370 has made it impossible for any court to offer redress. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The fundamental rights as per the J&K state constitution is discriminatory and there is nothing that any court can do for those who are denied these rights in the state.</span></strong></div>
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And it is this defiance of the basic spirit of the Indian Constitution which has been sanctified and legitimised as Article 35 A about which nobody knows, certainly not the shouting secular brigade. Article 35 A is not a part of the official text of the Constitution. Article 35 A says:</div>
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Saving of laws with respect to permanent residents and their rights.- Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, no existing law in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and no law hereafter enacted by the Legislature of the State,-</div>
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(a) Defining the classes of persons who are, or shall be permanent residents of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; or</div>
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(b) Conferring on such permanent residents any special rights and privileges or imposing upon other persons any restrictions as respects-</div>
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(<span class="SpellE">i</span>) Employment under the state government;</div>
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(ii) Acquisition of immovable property in the State;</div>
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(iii) Settlement in the State; or</div>
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<span class="GramE">(iv) Right</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> to scholarships and such other forms of aid as the State Government may provide,</span></div>
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<span class="GramE"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt;">shall</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges any rights conferred on the other citizens of India by any provision of this Part.</span></div>
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Readers are urged to note the tone and content of Article 35 A. It says the state government has classified its residents as first class and second class citizens; those Indian citizens living in J&K who are categorised as ‘permanent residents’ are first class citizens with special privileges. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">This perversion has been enshrined in the state constitution and notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Constitution, no law existing in the state of J&K and no law which may be made in the future with regard to the matters contained in Article 35 A, can be rendered void by Parliament or the Supreme Court on the grounds that it violates or abridges the rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution to all citizens. What Article 370 is doing is enabling the state constitution to thumb its nose at the Supreme Court and at Parliament, and above all at the Indian Constitution. </span></strong>It is in effect saying that the denial of the fundamental rights of the Indian Constitution to that section of Indian citizens in J&K who are not “Permanent Residents” is not <span class="SpellE">justiciable</span> and cannot be enforced.</div>
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<span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">Sardar</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> Patel saw only the Dr. Jekyll side of Article 370. He either did not see or remained silent about Mr. Hyde. Article 370 derives its evil nature from the state constitution. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">There is no point in demanding abrogation of Article 370 without demanding that the J&K state constitution be rendered null and void too. Article 370 is only the symptom. The malaise is the state constitution which is completely out of line and not in tune with the basic spirit or structure of the Indian Constitution.</span></strong></span></div>
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It was criminal culpability on the part of our leaders that they did not stipulate any conditions for the state constitution, had no say in the terms of reference of the state constituent assembly and did not insist on representatives as observers of the proceedings in the state constituent assembly to ensure that the state constitution was in line with the basic structure of the national constitution. Article 370 thus is the root cause of some of the more acute problems in J&K. The root-cause entrenched by Article 35 <span class="GramE">A</span> pointing in the direction of the J&K state constitution.</div>
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Article 35 A tells us by inference that persons categorised as non-permanent residents of J&K cannot buy immovable property in J&K, are not eligible for employment by the state government, cannot contest or vote in local body or Assembly elections, cannot avail of scholarships and other grants offered by the state government to its state subject residents and above all cannot seek redress in any court, local or national. This then is the reason why there is little or no economic or industrial development in the state. No businessman or industrialist from the rest of India will ever invest a rupee in a state which will not allow him to own property there.</div>
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J&K is wholly dependent on Government of India funds not only to meet Plan expenditure but also non-Plan expenditure. Any investment in industry or economic development comes solely from the GOI. Whatever little indigenous trade or industry existed in the state by way of its orchards, carpets and tourism, have been almost destroyed by terrorism and continuing self-pity and apathy. Considering that the state has neither the financial nor natural resources to exist independently of the rest of India, it is greater integration with India that is called for and not greater autonomy. And this can be <span class="GramE">effected</span>, some thinkers believe, only by abrogating Article 370. But that leaves the question of the mechanism by which to integrate the state constitution with the Indian constitution if you abrogate Article 370 but allow the J&K state constitution to remain?</div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">Is it possible to abrogate Article <span class="GramE">370</span></span></strong></div>
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1. The first and most obvious course of action would be that which is contained in Article 370 itself: The President of India, by a public notification can declare that the Article ceases to be operative. But here is the catch –the President can issue such a notification only upon the recommendation of the state constituent assembly. But the state constituent assembly has been dissolved and no longer exists. The question then is - can the President issue this notification unilaterally considering that it is not possible to procure the recommendation of a non-existent body? Or should we understand that because the state constituent assembly has been dissolved, the President can never ever issue such a notification? It is a crying shame that as a nation, we have still not worked through the nuances of Article 370.</div>
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2. The second option rests on the assumption that the rights and responsibilities of the state constituent assembly have been handed over to the state legislature. In which case, the state legislature can issue the recommendation to the President asking him to issue the notification which will render Article 370 inoperative. But considering that the National Conference has given the Muslim majority valley 46 assembly seats against the 41 allotted to Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> together, no state legislature dominated by the Muslims of the valley will ever seek to abrogate Article 370 under whose dispensation they are the most privileged category of the residents of J&K.</div>
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3. The third option would be to take recourse to Article 368 of the Indian Constitution which empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution and also lays down the procedure to be adopted. One would think that Article 368 empowers Parliament to adopt the procedure laid down in Article 368 and amend the Constitution by abrogating Article 370. But Article 370 itself has enabled through the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order, an amendment of the Constitution in such a way that Article 368 applies to J&K only in a modified manner. Clause (2) of Article 368 says that after the Bill for amending the Constitution is tabled in either house of the Parliament and after it has been passed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament, the President may give his assent to the Bill seeking amendment to the constitution. But, and here is the catch again, the President’s Order on the applicability of the Indian Constitution to J&K says that as far as J&K is concerned, the President may issue such an assent only as per clause (1) of Article 370 itself which means that the President can issue amendments to the Indian Constitution through his Constitution (Application to J&K) Order, only in consultation with or with the concurrence of the state government. Back to square one. Even Article 368 takes tortuous twists and turns and comes back to Article 370 again.</div>
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4. But the cutest trick lies in the amendment effected to Article 249. Article 249 declares that Parliament is empowered to legislate “in the national interest” even on matters enumerated in the state list. Article 370 has made this Article applicable to J&K with the modification that instead of ‘state list’ the clause should read that Parliament, in the national interest may legislate on that matter “which is not enumerated in the Union List or in the Concurrent List”. <span class="GramE">Very clever, this.</span>Who will read the fine print of Appendix II to understand the ‘puppy chasing its tail’ futility of trying to get rid of Article 370 through the constitutional route? “Any matter not enumerated in the Union List or Concurrent List” indeed! As far as these two lists go, the final position has been stated and adopted by the Restatement of the Constitution (Application to J&K) Orders up until 1994. The only list that remains is the State list and the State List does not apply to J&K at all because unlike the other states in the Indian Union, the residuary powers with regard to J&K lie not with the <span class="SpellE">Center</span> but with the state, rendering the State List meaningless. So how can Parliament legislate with regard to any matter in the national interest as far as J&K goes, if it should not find place in the Union List or the Concurrent list? What other list is there, pray?</div>
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Trying to get rid of Article 370 taking the constitutional path is futile and unproductive. We have created and fattened the grossest aberration whereby the miniscule part is larger than the whole. Article 370 is larger than the Constitution because there seems to be nothing in the Indian Constitution into which Article 370 can be subsumed or by which it can be made to go away. We also have the grossest aberration in that the interest of one state outweighs the collective national interest. Our legal and constitutional experts have not even begun to apply their minds on how to get rid of Article 370. If actions have consequences, inaction too has consequences; sometimes worse.</div>
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<span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;">Radha</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span class="SpellE">Rajan</span>,</span></div>
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4<sup>th</sup> August, 2016</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-55631919448322478342016-08-07T16:48:00.000-07:002016-08-09T14:35:31.033-07:00JAMMU AND KASHMIR "RULERS" WHO DO NOT RESPECT INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND "SECULAR" NATION, ARE PAVING THE WAY FOR A THEOCRACY WITHIN DEMOCRATIC INIDA THRIVING ON INDIAN RESOURCES WITH LOYALTY TO FOREIGN NATION PROVIDING A CHALLENGE TO BJP. HOW DOES THIS SATELLITE OF ISLAMIC TERRORISTS PRESENT A THREAT TO INDIA, RUSSIA AND CHINA THAT SHARE THE BORDERS OF J&K ? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The two Sunni Muslim dynasties of the Kashmir Valley – the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>National Conference (NC<span class="GramE">)<span style="font-weight: normal;">led</span></span></strong> by the Abdullah clan and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>People’s Democratic Party (PDP)</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="SpellE">Sayeed</span> clan made good their threat not to allow a Hindu to become Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. It would of course be deemed to be politically incorrect if the same reasoning were to be used by Hindus from the rest of India – that no Muslim will be selected or appointed to any high constitutional post: Ministers and Chief Ministers, Judges and Chief Justices of High Courts and Supreme Court, Governors of states and President of India. Not one pulpit thumping news editor of English news channels raised this point. They did not even dare to stay on this point for one solitary minute, let alone a full hour at prime time news – that Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir declared that they will not allow a Hindu to become Chief Minister of the state.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The National Conference and the PDP chose to place the state under President’s Rule rather than align with the BJP to form a democratic government. The BJP polled the highest percentage of votes (but as much as 10% less than its share in the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> elections) which however did not give them the highest tally of assembly seats, not even a simple majority which would have made the Sunni Muslims of the state irrelevant in government formation. The BJP has only itself to blame; instead of roaring Hindu nationalism it sang in high falsetto about corruption and development to please the Sunni Muslims of the valley instead of consolidating its respectable vote share in Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">During the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> elections in 2014, the BJP promised Union Territory status for <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> but did not reiterate the promise during elections to the state assembly and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> punished the BJP for what <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> correctly perceived as BJP reneging on its promise. The BJP represents <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> in parliament but was not even a respectable second in the state elections; the BJP was punished in Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> for the exact same reasons the BJP was punished in the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> elections of 2004 and 2009.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The BJP forsake ideology for the promised land of good governance. Ideology matters; it is ideology and ideology alone which sets the BJP apart from the Congress, the Abrahamic so-called minorities and the Left. It is ideology which determines how the BJP will deal with growing Abrahamic religious demography across the country, with Muslim and Christian terrorism, with Abrahamic separatism and secessionism. The Jammu and Kashmir state assembly elections gave the BJP its best opportunity yet to loosen the Sunni Muslim stranglehold on the state’s polity; but casting its eyes on possible political alliance with the NC or the PDP and hoping to make a breakthrough in the Kashmir Valley as it had made in <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> during the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> elections, the BJP pushed ideology and Hindus and Buddhists to the margins and instead pursued the Muslim voter in the state and Muslim political parties.</span></div>
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<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">News X </span></em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">labelled the long stand-off between the BJP and the NC/PDP combine over government formation in Jammu and Kashmir a “trench war”. The label attests to the borderline anti-national proclivities of all English news channels without exception. Let us put it bluntly – <strong>any entity with an alien and borrowed sense of the Indian nation and basis of Indian nationhood, which denies or rejects or injures the Hindu identity, is anti-national. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Indian nation is coterminous with the Hindu nation</span>.</strong></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">This was no trench war; this was the Sunni Muslims of the NC and the PDP declaring in unambiguous language that they will not allow a Hindu to become the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. And <span class="SpellE">Ghulam</span> <span class="SpellE">Nabi</span> Azad, the Sunni Congress Muslim was cheering them on from the sidelines. This wholly explicit anti-Hindu nature of the polity of Jammu and Kashmir, expressed in the gross imbalance of political power and economic empowerment among the three major territorial segments of the state – Jammu, Kashmir valley and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>, is rooted in the perverse character of the delimitation process in J&K. Notwithstanding the fact that the BJP polled the largest percentage of votes in the just concluded assembly elections, it was still only in second place with 25 seats behind the PDP which has 28 seats. The BJP can never hope to win any assembly election in J&K without first rationalising and correcting the existing delimitation of assembly constituencies in the state which has been determined by the state’s religious demography</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Sunni Muslims of the Valley, who constitute 45% of the population in the valley and a mere 22% of the total population of the state, have nevertheless managed to reserve for themselves a stupendous 46 seats in the state legislature as against just 41 seats for Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> (37 for Jammu and 4 for <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>), whose people together constitute the remaining 78%.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Not this alone, Sunni Muslims control the bulk of the trade and commerce in the state and corner a major portion of the benefits of higher education and of all employment opportunities created by industrialization. Sunni Muslims of the valley who occupy only 6% of the total territory of the state of J&K live off the resources of Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> by virtue of the fact that after Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span>Singh abdicated power, political power was transferred from Jammu to the valley – to the Abdullah and <span class="SpellE">Sayeed</span> clans, and effectively, to the Sunni Muslims of the valley. If this were not outrageous enough, the valley Muslims generally do not pay any revenue to the State. It is the regions of Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>, which contribute over 90% to the state exchequer.</span></div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN">The following facts demonstrate the perverted polity of the state of Jammu and Kashmir:</span></strong></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">1. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Though <span class="SpellE">Kashmiris</span> constitute roughly 22 per cent of the State’s total population, the mechanism cleverly devised by Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference Party in 1951 enables it to capture nearly half of the total Assembly and <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> seats. The trick lies in 46 Assembly segments having been created in the small Valley as against 41 segments combined in Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>regions that are far bigger and more populated than the Valley. This mechanism is apparently contrary to the rules framed under the Indian Parliament’s Representation of People’s Act and those under the relevant State Act of 1957.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">2. </span><span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-IN">Kashmiris</span></span><span lang="EN-IN"> hold over 2<span class="GramE">,30,000</span> positions out of a nearly 2,40,000 positions in government and semi-government organisations in the Valley. In addition, they corner nearly 25 per cent of the jobs in the regional services of Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">3. </span><span lang="EN-IN">All the professional and technical institutions, universities and all the big public sector industrial units like the HMT, television, telephone and cement factories located in the Valley are the sole preserve of the <span class="SpellE">Kashmiris</span>. Besides, they manipulate for themselves more than 50 per cent of the seats in Jammu’s ill-equipped and under-staffed medical and engineering college, and the Agricultural University in <span class="SpellE">R.S.Pura</span>. No such institution exists in <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">4. </span><span lang="EN-IN">The <span class="SpellE">Kashmiris</span> control trade, commerce, transport and industry, and own big orchards as well as landed estates. None of them is without a house. Likewise, the per capita expenditure on woollen clothes in Kashmir is perhaps the highest in the world. Till date, none in Kashmir has, unlike in UP, Bihar and Orissa, died either of hunger or cold.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">5. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Interestingly, yet not surprisingly, a vast majority of the <span class="SpellE">Kashmiris</span> don’t pay even a single penny to the State in the form of revenue due to it. It is Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> that contribute over 90 per cent to the State exchequer, but a major part of this money is spent not in the extremely backward and underdeveloped Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> but in the highly prosperous and developed Kashmir Valley</span></div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-IN">The origin of Muslim domination in Jammu and Kashmir</span></strong></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The State is vested with unsurpassed power only to protect and defend the territorial integrity of the nation and its nationhood. <span class="SpellE">Kautilya</span> more than two thousand years ago pronounced that the nation or <span class="SpellE"><em>rashtra</em></span> is both territory and the people inhabiting the territory. The primary responsibility of the state therefore is to not only protect the territory by defending national borders, but to also keep watch over the people inhabiting the territory who may pose a threat to the sense of nationhood which binds the people into a nation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">By seeking to resolve the threat posed by Muslims to the territory and nationhood in J&K through the agency of seminar-hoppers, bleeding-heart human rights activists and Track II diplomats, the Indian state and the political class across the ideological spectrum can be charged with contempt of <span class="SpellE"><em>rashtradharma</em></span>; they have rendered the authority and power of the state to eliminate national security threats null and void, and even dysfunctional. The Indian State’s inability to end the threat posed by the Muslims in J&K, even sixty years after 1947, is a <span class="SpellE">Gandhian</span> legacy going back to the Gandhi-Nehru duo’s criminal unilateralism with regard to J&K, and their warped sense of nationhood compounded by the Indian state’s acquiescence to the code of conduct imposed on it by the new world order.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Muslims had made their intentions abundantly clear from as early as 1905 when Bengal was partitioned, that they were working to return Islamic rule over India; failing which they were ready to use violence to create an Islamic state from the body of the Hindu nation. As demonstrated in the writer’s book<span class="apple-converted-space"></span><em>Eclipse of the Hindu Nation</em>, Gandhi’s INC set political freedom as its goal only in 1942. Even after 1942, Gandhi’s INC wanted political freedom only from British rule; rather than mobilizing the Hindus against Muslim intention to vivisect the nation, Gandhi’s bizarre sense of nationhood and his criminal unilateralism in deciding the fate of the Hindu nation drove him to consent to the return of Muslim rule over India if that would avert partition.</span></div>
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<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The greatest coercion is British coercion. And the Congress is impatient to get out of that coercion. My hope in desiring a Constituent Assembly is that whether the Muslims are represented by the Muslim League mentality or any other, the representatives when they are face to face with the reality will not think of cutting up India according to religions but will regard India as an indivisible whole and discover a national, i.e. Indian solution of even specially Muslim questions. But if the hope is frustrated, the Congress cannot forcibly resist the express will of the Muslims of India. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Needless to say the Congress can never seek the assistance of British forces to resist the vivisection. It is the Muslims who will impose their will by force singly or with British assistance on an unresisting India. If I can carry the Congress with me, I would not put the Muslims to the trouble of using force. I would be ruled by them for it would still be Indian rule</span></strong>. In other words, the Congress will have only a non-violent approach to every question and difficulty arising</span></em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">. (March 17, 1940, CWMG Vol. 78, page 66)</span></div>
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<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">If Indian Rule were all and to Gandhi it mattered little if Hindu India were to be ruled by Muslims, what were Gandhi’s objections to India being ruled by <span class="SpellE">Subhash</span> Bose and his INA? Unless Gandhi saw Bose as Nehru’s biggest stumbling block.</span></em><em></em></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">That there was another choice – that there would be neither partition of the Hindu nation nor return of Islamic rule after ending colonial rule, was not even envisaged by Gandhi or other luminaries of the INC. Sheikh Abdullah, who saw the ease with which Jinnah’s Muslim League walked away with territory, began to dream his own dream of converting J&K into his own grand fiefdom. He had observed how Gandhi from the 1930s decade had destabilized several princely states with his campaigns for democratic constitutions and temple entry programmes. In the year between 1938 and 1939, the Congress was stirring trouble in Mysore, <span class="SpellE">Jaipur</span>, Rajkot, Travancore and Cochin. Sheikh Abdullah had also observed how dismissively and even contemptuously both Gandhi and Nehru had dealt with the Deccan princes and other rulers of the princely states when they approached Gandhi to express their concerns about their fate when British <span class="SpellE">paramountcy</span> would end with end of colonial rule.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Sheikh Abdullah began to utilize the critical years after 1942 to realize his own manic ambitions. Sheikh Abdullah was another Jinnah already in the making, but typically, neither Gandhi nor Nehru or even Patel read the danger signals emanating from J&K in 1946. Even as the INC was in the midst of the make or break negotiations with the Cabinet Delegation, trouble erupted in Jammu and Kashmir. Sheikh Abdullah, a commoner from the Valley saw a great opportunity for himself in the generally troubled times, to fulfil his own towering Muslim ambitions in the turbulent years preceding 1947. Playing out the drama for civil liberties and ‘freedom’ that the INC had staged in Rajkot, <span class="SpellE">Jaipur</span> and other Hindu kingdoms, Sheikh Abdullah launched in May 1946, the ‘Quit Kashmir’ campaign.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Abdullah was promptly arrested and incarcerated. Nehru, playing the Great Democrat to the hilt, attempted to enter Kashmir and was also speedily detained by Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span>, the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.<span class="apple-converted-space"></span><strong>Gandhi jumped into the fray and in a passionate letter to Jawaharlal Nehru, pleaded with Nehru to return to Delhi with the promise that the Congress would make Nehru’s cause in Kashmir its own cause, and Nehru’s honour, its honour</strong>. The draft reply, drafted by Gandhi contained the ill-concealed threat to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir that Nehru would return to retrieve his honour and <span class="SpellE">fulfill</span> his mission, a threat which however does not find mention in the official Congress Resolution.</span></div>
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<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">I and all are of opinion that your presence here is essential above everything else. Remember that you are under an organization which you have adorned so long. Its needs must be paramount for you and me. Remember also that your honour is ours and your obedience to the Congress call automatically transfers to it the duty of guarding your honour. The Committee is also solicitous equally with you about Sheikh Abdullah’s case and the welfare of the Kashmir people. Therefore I expect you to return in answer to this.</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></em></span><strong><em><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">You will tell Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Saheb</span> that as soon as you are freed by the Congress you will return to Kashmir to retrieve your honour and fulfil your mission.</span></em></strong><strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></strong><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">(Draft reply to Jawaharlal Nehru, June 21, 1946, Mahatma Gandhi—The Last Phase, Vol. II, p. 346, CWMG Vol. 91 pp 180-81)</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Thusby 1946, not only had Gandhi declared that he would not be averse to Muslim rule over Hindu India, but had also signalled to the INC that Nehru and Nehru alone would deal with the affairs of J&K. Gandhi’s unilateralism gifted Nehru with J&K on a platter to do with it as he pleased.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Wanted, a resolute Hindu leadership</span></h2>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">During the critical years of the nineteenth and twentieth century when the fate of the Hindu nation was being determined by Islam and the colonial British government, the Hindu nation woefully lacked a resolute Hindu leadership with both vision and courage to stay the course in the war against two powerful and well-organized enemies. Regaining state power to protect the Hindu nation was never the objective of the INC’s political adventure.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The imperial government in London allowed the INC to be led first by white British citizens and thereafter only by non-Hindus, non-ideologues or notional Hindus like <span class="SpellE">Dadabhai</span> <span class="SpellE">Naoroji</span>, <span class="SpellE">Surendranath</span> <span class="SpellE">Banerjea</span>, <span class="SpellE">Gokhale</span>, Gandhi and finally Nehru who piloted the INC till 1947 when colonial rule was brought to an end on terms determined by the Muslim League and the British Empire. The festering, gangrene-infected sore that is J&K today is a Gandhi-Nehru legacy.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The quality of the deracinated Hindu leadership is best gauged from the passivity with which Gandhi and the INC accepted without murmur the appointment of Mountbatten as last viceroy, the terms for transfer of power and their unwillingness to avert vivisection. Mountbatten as last viceroy, the Cabinet Mission document, creation of Pakistan as west-controlled territory and the problem of J&K were all components of one invisible whole; only neither Gandhi nor Nehru or any other leader in the INC really understood that they were being manipulated skilfully by London with the able assistance of the Muslim League.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">In fact, by 1946 Gandhi had not only accepted partition but had actually endorsed <span class="SpellE">Rajaji’s</span> formula for partition as the best possible solution. Gandhi and the INC had always readily grabbed whatever political crumbs were thrown by successive viceroys but persisted with the lie that they were leading a freedom movement. Gandhi’s hubris did not permit him to see even in 1946 that the imperial government and the British Indian government knew Gandhi exceedingly well and knew how to play him along. Nehru, suffering as much from hubris as Gandhi, while he was determined to inherit Gandhi’s political mantle, had only grandiose woolly-headed fantasies for arsenal instead of hard-nosed and hard-headed political sense of international politics.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">When World War II had drained London’s coffers and when <span class="SpellE">Subhas</span> Bose’s INA threatened to overrun India, and when the INA shamed Indian armed forces in the Royal Indian Navy and British Indian Army to revolt, the imperial government in London sent the Cabinet Mission to India in May 1946 to work out the modalities for transfer of power.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Gandhi’s INC should have refused to entertain the Cabinet Mission just as it had refused to entertain the Cripps Mission earlier in 1942. Unable to deal with an intractable Gandhi, the Cabinet Mission returned to London at the end of June 1946. The decision to send Mountbatten to India as last viceroy was probably taken after June, in the hope that Mountbatten who played a significant role in throttling Indonesia’s fledgling democracy, would be able to repeat his success in India.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">If Gandhi and Nehru had understood Mountbatten’s role in Indonesia and had they been outraged at Mountbatten’s desecration of the war memorial in Singapore for Bose and the fallen soldiers of the INA, they would not have welcomed him as wholesomely as they had and nor would Gandhi have asked him to play umpire (that was Gandhi’s prescription exactly) between the INC and the Muslim League; in effect, Gandhi asked Mountbatten to play umpire between him and Jinnah. It is pertinent at this juncture to recollect that Gandhi had also welcomed the Cabinet Mission proposals as “the best document in the circumstances” while refusing to even consider the <span class="SpellE">Sapru</span>Committee report which had drafted the broad contours and contents of the future constitution of independent India. It is not overstating the obvious that the simmering cauldron of Muslim separatism in J&K was brought to boil by the Cabinet Mission proposals for transfer of power.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">To hammer home the point yet again, the <span class="SpellE">Sapru</span> Committee report was an all-Indian draft constitution for independent India while the Cabinet Mission document was not only London’s blue-print for exit from India but was also consolidation of future geo-strategic interests which factored into its calculations an expanding Soviet Russia into Central Asia. Gandhi was the sole interlocutor with the British government in the negotiations while <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel and other Congress luminaries merely stood grimly on the side-lines; thus only Gandhi could have rejected the document had he wanted to. Instead he welcomed it within four days after the document was presented to the INC and the Muslim League without reading the fine print.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">The INC, after Gandhi’s endorsement, never summed up the will to reject the proposals and went along with the Cabinet Mission document (henceforth referred to as Mission document), carrying the Hindu nation inexorably towards vivisection. Along the way to vivisection in 1946, Gandhi and Nehru sowed the seeds, nurtured and brought to full bloom the poison weed of separatism in &K with their endorsement of Sheikh Abdullah as the alternate leader to the King. One of the several troubling questions that haunts us is why, in the absence of any other Indian initiative in that direction, did Gandhi not submit the <span class="SpellE">Sapru</span> Committee proposals to the British government as the starting point for their withdrawal from India?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The Cabinet Mission document had carefully concealed the ticking time bomb of Pakistan and J&K in its proposals. It is not within the purview of this column to go into the details of the document with regard to the Provinces, but to connect the dots between Mountbatten, Gandhi-Nehru, Sheikh Abdullah and J&K. The Mission document concealed the time bomb of vivisection and Pakistan in the cleverly worded offer for maximum autonomy for the Muslim majority provinces “approximating to but not quite” Jinnah’s demand for a separate Muslim state.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The Muslim League while accepting the Mission document also declared that it would use the document to sow the seeds of Pakistan. Thus the creation of Pakistan was a certainty; Pakistan would be created either immediately if the negotiations failed or subsequent to British withdrawal from India.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">So preoccupied were Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and the others with the imminent threat of the creation of Pakistan that they failed to perceive the real threat posed by the lapse of <span class="SpellE">paramountcy</span> in the Princely states which was linked to imminent vivisection. The threat lay in the unstated truth that J&K was a frontier region which would be contiguous with the still-in-the-future Pakistan. The Mission document yet again camouflaged the time-bomb of London’s intent for J&K by cleverly cloaking London’s approach to the Princely states in words of sweet reasonableness.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">The Mission document laid out the road-map for the future of the princely states in unambiguous language. <span class="SpellE">Paramountcy</span> over the princely states which was vested in the British Government would be allowed to lapse and not passed on to any future post-independence government or governments. The lapse of <span class="SpellE">paramountcy</span>and the British refusal to pass on <span class="SpellE">paramountcy</span> to any future government rested on London’s covert determination, notwithstanding the fact that vivisection was not envisaged in May 1946, that no matter how the tripartite negotiations progressed over the Mission document, they would end only in vivisection of what was known as British India.</span></div>
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<em><span lang="EN-IN">Before putting forward our recommendations we turn to deal with the relationship of the Indian States to British India. It is quite clear that with the attainment of independence by British India, whether inside or outside the British Commonwealth, the relationship which has hitherto existed between the Rulers of the States and the British Crown will no longer be possible. <span class="SpellE">Paramountcy</span> can neither be retained by the British Crown nor transferred to the new Government. This fact has been fully recognized by those whom we interviewed from the States. They have at the same time assured us that the States are ready and willing to co-operate in the new development of India. The precise form which their co-operation will take must be a matter for negotiation during the building up of the new constitutional structure, and it by no means follows that it will be identical for all the States. We have not therefore dealt with the States in the same detail as the Provinces of the British India in the paragraphs which follow</span></em><span lang="EN-IN">. <em>(STATEMENT OF CABINET DELEGATION AND VICEROY May 16, 1946, CWMG Vol. 90, pp 441-42)</em></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">For an empire on the retreat it ought to have mattered little if the five hundred odd princely states acceded to India or Pakistan, declared independence or descended to chaos. And when the negotiations did fail and when vivisection became a certainty, in a move calculated to distract the attention of the INC away from their real intent, the British government constituted two Departments of states – one for India and another for Pakistan to oversee accession of the princely states to their respective countries. While <span class="SpellE">Sardar</span> Patel was made head of the Department of States for India, <span class="SpellE">Abdur</span> <span class="SpellE">Rab</span> <span class="SpellE">Nishtar</span>, a Muslim League leader and minister in the Interim Government, was the head for the Pakistani <span class="SpellE">DoS</span>. The Departments of States came into being on June 27, 1946 and even as late as June 1947 the issue of the princely states remaining sovereign independent entities was still undefined and open-ended.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Amid the chaos of vivisection, communal riots following Direct Action Day and the frenetic activity arising from Mountbatten’s decision to advance independence from June 1948 to August 1947 on the one hand, and the highly volatile and surcharged issue of accession of the princely states on the other, Nehru with the full backing of Gandhi was meddling in the affairs of J&K. With no thought to the grave danger and the imminent instability that he was causing to the shape of the emerging post-independence India, Nehru convened the State People’s Conference in the first week of June 1947. Nehru convened this conference of the people of the princely states, thus pitting the people against their rulers at a time when the support of the Hindu rulers would have been critical for the shape of the emerging independent India.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Unmindful of the consequences of antagonizing the rulers and encouraging a peoples’ uprising in the princely states against the rulers, particularly in J&K where the so-called peoples’ movement was only a Sunni Muslim movement led by Sheikh Abdullah and his All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference (later National Conference) against the Hindu king, Nehru declared, on June 8, 1947, before the delegates of State People’s Conference “Sovereignty must reside in the people and not in any individual. The State people’s claim to represent for themselves is justified and will see to it that they are heard. And certainly their rulers cannot speak for them”. Nehru’s unilateral proclamation begs the question – what if the Hindu king of Jammu and Kashmir wanted to accede to India and the Muslims of the kingdom wanted to accede to Pakistan?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Amidst the chaos, Patel as head of the department of the states for India, with characteristic wisdom went about the task of winning the trust of the Hindu princes and kings with the same quiet wisdom that he had demonstrated earlier when he went out of his way to apply balm to <span class="SpellE">Ambedkar’s</span> injured self-esteem by inviting him to join the Constituent Assembly and making him Convener. Patel assured the rulers that beyond surrendering Defence, Communication and External relations to the Union, the rulers would continue to exercise sovereign control over their kingdoms and could send their representatives to the Constituent Assembly to work out the nature and extent of their co-operation with the Indian Union.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">After the initial assurance, Patel persuaded, with iron determination not only to discourage ideas of independence of individual princely states but also persuaded the rulers to give in to total constitutional integration with the Union. Except J&K. Gandhi and Gandhi’s INC remained mute spectators as Nehru kept J&K out of Patel’s jurisdiction and insisted on handling the affairs of J&K single-handedly. The result of this unchallenged claim to J&K as Nehru’s personal domain to do with it as he pleased created the bloated parasite called J&K which is living off the blood it continues to suck from the body of the Indian Union.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Five days before transfer of power, on August 10, 1947, Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh dismissed his Prime Minister Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> and appointed a military man, Gen. <span class="SpellE">Janak</span> Singh as Prime Minister. Subsequent to unconfirmed news about Pakistan sending in its army into J&K in the guise of a tribal invasion on around 2nd or 3rd September, Gen. <span class="SpellE">Janak</span> Singh asked to be relieved of his new responsibility to enable him to assume charge of active military service; Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh then nominated an advocate, <span class="SpellE">Mehr</span> <span class="SpellE">Chand</span> <span class="SpellE">Mahajan</span> as Prime Minister. <span class="SpellE">Mehr</span> <span class="SpellE">Chand</span> <span class="SpellE">Mahajan</span> later became the Chief Justice of India in 1954.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN">Within a week of news of Pakistani intrusion into J&K, Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh for some inexplicable reason decided to release Sheikh Abdullah from prison and within a month made his arch-enemy the Head of Emergency Administration. Our history books have never told us about Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span>, his dismissal or anything at all about this unheard of Emergency Administration. Even more strangely, Sheikh Abdullah in democratic independent India re-surfaces as Prime Minister of something called the Interim Government in J&K, when no elections had taken place! The Hindu nation has to assume that Nehru had handed over his personal fiefdom on permanent lease to Abdullah. Gandhi must have been delighted at the political empowerment of Muslims at least in one part of what was non-Muslim, but un-Hindu post-vivisection India.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">When the Instrument of Accession was signed by Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh as a pre-condition for India sending in her army to fight Pakistan’s aggression into J&K, one version of history written by a Kashmiri Hindu (Ram <span class="SpellE">Krishen</span> <span class="SpellE">Kaul</span> Bhatt) states that Sheikh Abdullah too signed the Instrument of accession in his capacity as Head of Emergency Administration while another version of Kashmiri Hindu account of the same history (By Prof. Mohan <span class="SpellE">Krishen</span> <span class="SpellE">Teng</span>) says he did not sign it.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">But Kashmiri Hindus – those continuing to live bravely in an India which has let them down or those who chose to run away to foreign lands for a life of comfort, have not recorded in a verifiable or corroborative manner the untold political history of their homeland in that critical 1940s and 1950s decade which sealed their fate. Kashmiri <span class="SpellE">Pandits</span> have been guilty of endorsing the cancerous Kashmiri <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">sufism</span></span> as they happily chewed on the lemon called <span class="SpellE">Kashmiriyat</span> sold to them by the wily <span class="SpellE">sunni</span> Muslims of the valley. And because there is no detailed account of the events of these two decades, the following questions and thoughts simply beg themselves –</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why was Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> removed as Prime Minister?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Did he lose the Maharaja’s trust or did someone powerful from outside the state exert pressure on the Maharaja to sack him?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">What advice was <span class="SpellE">Ramachandra</span> <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> giving the king? Not to accede to India or Pakistan and declare independence or to accede to India or accede to Pakistan?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Declaring independence would have worried Nehru because he would have wanted to retain some form of control over J&K</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Accession to India would have worried Mountbatten. It would have been easier for the British to control J&K via Pakistan because control of J&K via India would have been impossible</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">J&K as an independent kingdom leaning towards Hindu-majority India for sustenance and security would have been an equally abhorrent possibility for Mountbatten</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh’s dilemma must have been the most tragic. Accession to Pakistan would never have been an option while accession to India would have been just as unviable knowing that Gandhi and Nehru had no respect for the Hindu rulers and both wanted Hindu monarchies to disappear</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">So what advice was Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> giving the Maharaja?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why did the Maharaja release Sheikh Abdullah knowing that he was just inviting more trouble for himself when he was being told that Pakistan had intruded into his kingdom?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Under whose pressure did <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh release the known trouble-maker Sheikh Abdullah and make him Head of Emergency Administration?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why was <span class="SpellE">Mehr</span> <span class="SpellE">Chand</span> <span class="SpellE">Mahajan</span> removed as Prime Minister with Sheikh Abdullah taking his place?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why did J&K alone need an interim government with a Prime Minister?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">What role did Gandhi, Nehru and Mountbatten have in these decisions beginning with the sacking of <span class="SpellE">Ramchandra</span> <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> and culminating in Abdullah inheriting J&K as his fiefdom?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">This writer has noted with alarm the penetration of foreign women in to the lives of very important Hindu leaders in the twentieth century – Vivekananda, <span class="SpellE">Aurobindo</span>, Gandhi, Nehru, Bose, <span class="SpellE">Farooq</span> Abdullah and finally Rajiv Gandhi. Sheikh Abdullah married the lady who was earlier married to Lawrence of Arabia! His son <span class="SpellE">Farooq</span> Abdullah married a British nurse; so what should Hindu nationalists make of Omar Abdullah’s statement that to align with the BJP will be political suicide for the PDP and that the National Conference was not willing to partner the BJP in governance on the BJP’s terms which was appointing a Hindu Chief Minister?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Hindu nationalists must begin to look at this phenomenon fearlessly. If Kashmiri Hindus fail even now to render their history from the perspective of the Hindu Nation, then Maharaja <span class="SpellE">Hari</span> Singh and Ram Chandra <span class="SpellE">Kak</span> will remain history’s villains instead of Mountbatten, Nehru and Sheikh Abdullah.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN">Reclaiming the Hindu nation in Kashmir</span></strong></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Gandhi’s megalomaniac presumption that his definition of this nation and sense of nationhood was binding upon the INC and would prevail uncontested, is the one single cause lying beneath Indian polity’s continued pampering of Muslims and Christians in ways that pose the biggest threat to the territory of the Hindu nation. Islam and Christianity are inherently antithetic to dharma because at the core of these two religions is the predatory intent to conquer territory not their own and to annihilate other religions, cultures and peoples who do not submit to their jealous god. They are antithetic to dharma because diversity is the essence of dharma; and these two monotheisms homogenize all human life within a single intolerant paradigm.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">The God of the Muslims and the Christians has an avaricious appetite for territory. Islam and Christianity are therefore inimical to the Hindu nation and the dharma which permeates this nation. This has to be kept firmly in mind when the Hindu nation will finally summon the resolve to deal with J&K in a manner that fulfils the objectives of <span class="SpellE"><em>rajadharma</em></span> and <span class="SpellE"><em>rashtradharma</em></span>. The Hindu nation is paying the price of Gandhi’s description of this nation when he declared that this nation belonged equally to Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Parsees and <span class="SpellE">Beni</span>-Israelis; and Nehru’s megalomania which made J&K his private dunghill. When and if the religious tenets of Muslims and Christians, Sikhs, Parsees and <span class="SpellE">Beni</span>-Israelis pose a threat to the territory and nationhood of the Hindu nation, it behoves the king or the state to annihilate the threat.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-IN">Kautilya’s</span></span><span lang="EN-IN"> definition of nation as being both territory and the people of that territory is the most accurate and concise so far. The Abrahamic religions spread their tentacles across the globe conquering continent after continent not only by conquering territory by the sword but also by converting non-Abrahamic peoples to their faiths, also by the sword. They posed a threat to the nation not only by threatening the territory but also the nationhood by de-rooting the people from their <span class="SpellE">civilizational</span>, <span class="SpellE">dharmic</span> roots.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">This is how Hindu Kashmir became Muslim-majority Kashmir; the change to the religious demography was effected not only when Kashmir’s rulers became Muslim through the agency of Muslim queens and concubines but also by the <span class="SpellE"><span class="GramE">sufi</span></span> cancer. What Islam was doing to Hindu Kashmir, it was doing to Hindu and Buddhist Indonesia around the same time.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">The challenge posed to the Hindu nation in Kashmir is the state’s Muslim population. If Hindu leaders would only pay heed to <span class="SpellE">Kautilya</span>, they will know that at the core of resolving the problem of J&K is to dilute its Muslim identity and re-arranging assembly constituencies in the three major segments fair and equitable. If instead of pandering to <span class="SpellE">jihadi</span> Muslim demands by maintaining silence over the separatist J&K state constitution and Art.370, and belittling the army to make music for Muslim ears, the BJP will summon the will to moving in this direction, the road to our objective will reveal itself.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">While Gandhi had an un-Hindu and politically suicidal-for-Hindus understanding of this nation and of who was a national, Nehru had no sense of nationhood. Between them, they led the Hindu nation to vivisection in 1947 which injected the poison of Muslim separatism and Christian aggression into the body politic of post-independence India.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">As pointed out earlier, the Cabinet Mission document concealed in its cleverly worded proposals not only the ticking bomb of Pakistan but also the ticking time bomb of J&K. Mountbatten (read London) did not care if Cochin, Bhopal, Hyderabad and <span class="SpellE">Kurundwad</span> acceded to India or to Pakistan or declared independence. The energy and the seeming sincerity with which Mountbatten applied <span class="GramE">himself</span> to the task of persuading the rulers to accede to India or Pakistan actually concealed his real interest – the frontier province of J&K, which at its northernmost tip adjoined both Afghanistan and Central Asia. Indian rulers of princely states declaring independence would have feared Nehru’s antipathy more than distant London. The following points deserve to be reiterated –</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Jinnah’s Muslim League shrewdly favoured independence of princely states s the second option after total constitutional integration because some of the Muslim states in what would soon be post-independence India, were rich beyond belief and Jinnah wanted nothing better than Muslim thorns and splinters in the bleeding flesh of the body of the vivisected Indian nation</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Nehru’s INC was strongly opposed to independence for precisely this reason but foolishly favoured accession to India surrendering only Defence, Communications and External Affairs to the Union government</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">The Muslim League, with a far superior understanding of politics and the future implications of such a limited control over the princely states, rejected the idea and the Instrument of Accession drafted for the princely states by Pakistan was completely different from that which was drafted by India</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">The Muslim League insisted on total constitutional integration of the princely states acceding to Pakistan with all sovereignty vesting with the <span class="SpellE">Center</span>; therefore none of the princely states acceding to Pakistan had the right to constitute their own constituent assemblies</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">Thus all princely states acceding to India, and not just J&K, as envisaged in July 1947 planned their own constituent assemblies which would draft the constitution for each of the princely states as they desired</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444; font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10pt;">§ </span><span lang="EN-IN">The princely states of Cochin, Mysore and the Union of <span class="SpellE">Saurashtra</span> did indeed constitute their own constituent assemblies but finally conceded to total constitutional integration with India</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">All except J&K. Nehru retained the right to handle J&K affairs with him and the nation may never know what transpired in private between Nehru and Sheikh Abdullah, what deals were struck and what promises were made. We can be certain of one thing though; nothing would have been recorded in writing and this too would have been at Sheikh Abdullah’s behest.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">1. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why was J&K special and why did Nehru not permit Patel to totally integrate the state constitutionally into the Union?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">2. </span><span lang="EN-IN">While the Instrument of Accession signed by the rulers of the states was acknowledged to be binding upon the people of the states, why did Nehru allow the people of J&K alone the right to ratify the accession signed by their King?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in -30.65pt 9pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">3. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Why were the people of J&K more special than the people of the other princely states?</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Verbal promises made, assurances given and deals struck in private have no witnesses and are not binding; thus Abdullah could and did renege, retract and <span class="SpellE">resile</span> with impunity. What we do know however is that Nehru assured Sheikh Abdullah that J&K would receive special treatment. And so while all princely states acceding to India gave up their right to convene their own constituent assemblies, Sheikh Abdullah demanded that J&K would not surrender its right to have a constitution of its own. Art. 370 is the cancerous outgrowth of the separatist state constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">Gandhi and Nehru both subscribed to the idea that this was not a Hindu nation; therefore they made common cause with Sheikh Abdullah even after he had issued the ‘Quit Kashmir’ call to the Hindu king. Gandhi and Nehru made common cause with the Muslims of the kingdom against their Hindu ruler. It is not surprising that the Congress cannot and will not set down the coffin of the political legacy of Muslim separatism in J&K bequeathed to them by Gandhi and Nehru; but the Hindu nation is not obliged to carry this coffin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in -30.65pt 9pt 0in; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-IN">When Gandhi did not question Sheikh Abdullah’s call to the Hindu king to ‘Quit Kashmir’, he conceded that the Hindu ruler had no place in Kashmir. By implication, Gandhi also conceded Sheikh Abdullah’s right to give that call; in effect Gandhi conceded Abdullah’s claim to the territory of J&K.</span></span></strong><span lang="EN-IN"> Gandhi’s megalomania and Nehru’s monumental hubris combined with his monumental ignorance of geopolitics is matched only by the Himalayan greed of contemporary intellectual mercenariesparading as human rights advocates who endorse that J&K is disputed territory and that only the <span class="SpellE">sunni</span> Muslims of the state can speak for all the people of the state including Kashmiri Hindus, Jammu Hindus and <span class="SpellE">Ladakhi</span> Buddhists.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN">If the Muslims of J&K who constitute just 66.97% of the state population think they are special and a class apart from the rest of India and are therefore entitled to the Hindu territory in Kashmir, then the 85% of Hindus across India cannot be standing on the sidelines watching Muslims and Christians carving up their <span class="SpellE">bhumi</span>like so many vultures on carrion. If the Hindu nation is not carrion for Islam and the Church then Hindus must steel themselves to reclaim the Hindu nation in Kashmir not only for the Hindus of the valley but also for the Hindus of the Hindu nation. The BJP can begin by restoring its identity as Hindu nationalist party.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><span lang="EN-IN">Tail piece: This is how one very angry Hindu analysed the J&K state election results:</span></strong></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em><span lang="EN-IN">“Almost one <span class="SpellE">lakh</span> votes were lost in Jammu and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> compared to the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span><span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> polls. That accounts for almost 10 per cent of the votes polled by the BJP in these two regions in the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> polls. In <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>, which BJP represents in the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span>, on the promise of delivering the UT status, BJP not only lost all, it was not even in the reckoning in three out of the four seats there. In the Jammu region, the BJP came third in <span class="SpellE">Udhampur</span>, the second largest town of the region, and lost two seats to, of all the parties, the NC. t had won all these three segments in the <span class="SpellE">Lok</span> <span class="SpellE">Sabha</span> polls. Besides the 25 seats won by the BJP, it came second only in 7. Of these 5 were in Jammu region and one each in the Valley and <span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>. In this Mission 44+, the BJP was actually in serious contest (top two positions), only in 32 seats. And, for all the bending over backwards for the Muslim vote in the Valley, it earned a grand total of a little over 50,000 votes and lost its deposit in 33 out of the 34 seats it contested there. For every single vote gained in the Valley, the BJP lost two in Jammu/<span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span>. While the votes gained in the Valley were not good enough to save the deposits, the votes lost in Jammu/<span class="SpellE">Ladakh</span> cost the BJP several winnable seats”.</span></em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">(This article was written in January 2015 immediately after results of J&K assembly elections were announced in the last week of December 2014)</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;">Radha</span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #444444;"> <span class="SpellE">Rajan</span>, 3<sup>rd</sup> August, 2016JAMMU </span></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-47836245892656057122016-08-06T21:53:00.000-07:002016-08-06T21:53:01.488-07:00CAN NORTH AMERICAN HINDU TEMPLES HELP FIGHT "HINDUPHOBIA" IN AMERICAN CLASSROOMS ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">How can North American Hindu temples help in fighting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">‘Hindu phobia’ in the American classrooms? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">By Dhiru Shah</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Following the Hindu Dharmic traditions, Hindu temples have been used for thousands of years not only as sacred meeting place for the
community to practice spirituality, but also as centers of social, political,
economic and intellectual activities. Most Hindu temples in North America today
are doing an admirable job in offering a wide range of activities to their
devotees besides spiritual services. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">While primarily temples are meant for worship and perform
Dharmic rituals, the Hindu temple management needs to realize that Hindu
children growing up in America today are struggling to find their own identity
in a multicultural but predominantly Judeo-Christian society. Further, in the
American classrooms, they face anti-Hindu biases in their textbooks leading
to their becoming victims of bullying and harassment. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Following the neo-colonial orientation, the Western
academics define India and Hinduism in terms of caste, cow, curry, Sattee, dowry
murders, "devil worship" and immorality. Whereas Judaism, Christianity and Islam
are treated favorably and in positive terms in classroom books, </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hinduism does not get a fair and equitable positive treatment and
is presented inaccurately and in a biased manner</span></b><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">.</span><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> A couple of quotes below from the Sixth grade books in
California will show how Hinduism is negatively projected in the American
classrooms:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.6667px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">One custom shows how the lives of Indian men
were considered to be more important than the lives of Indian women. In India,
people were cremated, or burned, when they died. When a man from a prominent
family died, his wife was expected to leap into the flames. This practice was
called suttee. If the wife resisted and did not kill herself, it was a great
shame. Everyone would avoid the woman from then on." (Glencoe, Discovering
Our Past Ancient Civilizations, Chapter 4, Early India, p. 245) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 47.0pt; text-indent: -47.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> "</span> A dedicated Hindu believes that the people in a higher caste are superior and
that they are supposed to be on top." (Glencoe, Discovering Our Past
Ancient Civilizations, Chapter 4, Early India, p. 248)<span style="color: #131313;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A vast number of
books and articles depicting Hindu Gods and Goddesses in the most vulgar and
offensive manner get churned out by high profile non-Hindu academics. Some of these academicians represent the
prestigious Ivy League American universities. In 2004 a committee of ‘Concerned
Hindus’ from Atlanta submitted a critique to Emory University on the sexualized abusive representation of a Hindu God in a book, ‘Ganesa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginning’ authored by Prof.
Paul Courtright in the department of religious studies. A few quotes from this "reference book" for the university
students studying Hinduism will show how perverse and insensitive it is:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Its (Ganesa’s) trunk is the displaced
phallus, a caricature of ‘Siva’s linga. It<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>poses
no threat because it is too large, flaccid and in the wrong place to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>be useful for
sexual purposes.” (P.121)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">*<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Although there
seems to be no myths or folktales in which Ganesa <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>explicitly
performs oral sex; his insatiable appetite for sweets may be <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>interpreted in
an otherwise ascetic disposition, a hunger having clear <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>erotic
overtones.” (P.111)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Another blatantly abusive and biased anti-Hinduism
scholarship comes from Prof. Wendy Doniger of Chicago University in her
780-page book, “The Hindus: An Alternative History” (Penguin 2009). She has
sexualized and eroticized passages from the Hindu epics and scriptures. She
finds in the sacred Rig Veda incest and adultery with a pregnant woman in a
verse praying to God for protection and safe delivery. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In ‘Philadelphia Inquirer’ Prof. Doniger once
commented: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">…”throughout the<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mahabharata…Krishna goads human beings into all sorts of
murderous and self-destructive behaviors such as war… The Gita is a dishonest
book; it justifies war.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Such negative attitudes and stereotypes about Hinduism can
have a devastating impact on the tender psyche of young Hindu students. It makes minority Hindu
students in a class filled with predominantly Christian students feel embarrassed and ashamed of their ancestry. As a result,
not only Hindu students face hate crimes and bullying in their schools, but
also it gives them a sense of insecurity and inferiority complex and in some
cases mental depression. Some of them start hating their own faith believing ‘Hinduism
is a ‘filthy’ religion, or that Hindus worship the devil’ and get converted to
Christianity in order to get acceptance in the main stream America.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">According to the results of a bullying survey of 230
middle school and High school students (grades 6 to 12) conducted by Hindu
American Foundation between August 5 and Sept.30, 2015: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“(1) </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">one in three Hindu students have reported being bullied in
public school classrooms due to their religious beliefs and approximately half
indicated that they felt socially isolated. (2) Many of those surveyed
highlighted a sense of alienation for being a different religion; particularly
one not understood </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">well in
most US classrooms or textbooks. As a result, some respondents said they hid
their religious identity in order to prevent or stop bullying. In addition, one
out of every four students surveyed said she/he was put on the spot or singled out
by a teacher when the section on Hinduism was discussed”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">While a few Hindu/Indian organizations supported by a handful
of Hindu temples have been engaging state education boards like California,
Texas and Virginia to rectify inaccuracies and negative portrayal of Hindu
Dharma in classroom textbooks, their efforts alone will not be sufficient to
defeat the well orchestrated anti-Hinduism campaign led by the Western
academics and supported by several anti-India and anti-Hindu entities. The need
of the hour is to awaken the Hindu society to join in this battle. It is here
that temples can play a very positive and active role by harnessing the
collective strength of their devotees<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In order to create this collective mass awareness to
protect Hindu children from the Hinduphobic classroom curriculum, the temple
management needs to include the following additional activities in its routine
programs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Organize regular monthly talk by Hindu scholars and academics
familiar with anti-Hinduism curriculum in school textbooks and advise parents
how to engage school management to correct any biases about Hinduism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Encourage young parents to carefully study their children’s
social science and history textbooks that may contain distortions and
denigration of Hindu traditions and culture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Conduct regular classes for young devotees and students to teach
them the basics of Abrahmic religions (Judaism, Christianity & Islam) as
well Indic Dharmic religions like Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Such
comparative religious study will help children to fight back against bullying
in classrooms and outside.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Encourage devotees to support actively Hindu organizations,
scholars and activists who are engaged with various state educational
authorities to correct the schoolbooks curriculum. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Such activities mentioned above are not considered as
‘political’ in nature and therefore they will not affect their non-profit
status with IRS. All other religions too conduct such activities openly and do not
face any IRS penalties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The time has come for temples to follow the famous verse: "</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Dharmo
rakshati rakshitah”<span style="color: #131313;"> meaning </span>“Dharma protects
those who protect Dharma”<span style="color: #131313;">. In the
long run, refusal by temples to participate in the defense of Hindu Dharmic
traditions, culture and history considering it derogatively as political activity will eventually hurt the temple movement in
America. It will not be too long before the next generations of Hindus start
abandoning their faith, leaving temples to become only showpieces like historical
museums. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">==========================================================================<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #131313; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Author is President of India Awareness Foundation,
Director/Treasurer of World Association for Vedic Studies and President-elect
of Global Indian Business Council with 40 years of International Business
experience<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-68476407803434141022016-07-31T13:12:00.000-07:002016-07-31T13:12:35.698-07:00UNRAVELLING THE MAHATMA - THE PRO-JIHADI SIDE OF MAHATMA GANDHI EXPOSED TO SHOW HE IS THE ROOT CAUSE SETTING THE FIRE OF SECASSIONISTS IN KASHMIR <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="contentheading" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; width: 542px;" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2278:unravelling-the-mahatma-2&catid=55:plainspeak&Itemid=71" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;">Unravelling the Mahatma – 2</a></td><td align="right" class="buttonheading" width="100%"><a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?view=article&catid=55%3Aplainspeak&id=2278%3Aunravelling-the-mahatma-2&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=71" rel="nofollow" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="PDF"><img alt="PDF" src="https://www.vigilonline.com/images/M_images/pdf_button.png" style="border: none;" /></a></td><td align="right" class="buttonheading" width="100%"><a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?view=article&catid=55%3Aplainspeak&id=2278%3Aunravelling-the-mahatma-2&tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=71" rel="nofollow" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Print"><img alt="Print" src="https://www.vigilonline.com/images/M_images/printButton.png" style="border: none;" /></a></td><td align="right" class="buttonheading" width="100%"><a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_mailto&tmpl=component&link=db2bb81f941f4c2d9267a622e99c6ee7ad015346" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="E-mail"><img alt="E-mail" src="https://www.vigilonline.com/images/M_images/emailButton.png" style="border: none;" /></a></td></tr>
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<strong>Kashmir’s jihadi cauldron: Gandhi, not Nehru lit the fire</strong></div>
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This series which dismantles the edifice of Gandhi’s Mahatmahood was necessitated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s unfortunate public exhortation to our armed forces fighting for their lives and the dignity of their uniforms to observe “restraint” in their operations in the Kashmir valley. Narendra Modi had just returned from his “pilgrimage” to South Africa and the atavistic connection between Kashmir and this Gandhi-bhakta was unmistakable considering Gandhi’s contempt for the army which too was detailed in Part 1. (<a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2277:unravelling-the-mahatma--i&catid=55:plainspeak&Itemid=71" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2277:unravelling-the-mahatma--i&catid=55:plainspeak&Itemid=71</a>)</div>
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The secessionist fire raging in Kashmir today was lit in 1946 by Gandhi who instigated Nehru to interfere in the affairs of the Hindu kingdom as if the Hindu nation were Gandhi’s patrimony and the kingdom of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Tibet <span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">(<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Riyasat</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">-e Jammu <span class="SpellE">wa</span> Kashmir wa Ladakh wa Tibet ha<span class="apple-converted-space">)</span></span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span>were Nehru’s fiefdom. Gandhi also forced the Congress Working Committee to position itself against Maharaja Hari Singh while simultaneously legitimising the opportunist rise ofjihadi Sheikh Abdullah in the kingdom’s polity during the turbulent period following the failure of the Cabinet Mission; the Cabinet Mission failed because after enthusiastically welcoming the proposals for transfer of power by the Cabinet Mission within three days of its arrival in India, Gandhi proceeded to sabotage the Mission step by calibrated step. How Gandhi with the same cold calculating mind as Sheikh Abdullah sabotaged the Cabinet Mission is the theme of the next article in the series unravelling the Mahatma’s political game of dice as he gambled away the territory of the Hindu nation. From 1917, when Gandhi officially took charge of the party, the INC resembled the Kaurava Court as Patel, Rajendra Prasad, Nehru and JB Kripalani chose to look down and maintain silence while KM Munshi and <span class="SpellE">Rajaji</span>walked away from the court even as the freedom struggle culminated in Hindu genocide in 1946 quickly followed by vivisection of the Hindu nation in 1947. If Gandhi’s actions had consequences then the silence and inaction of Patel, Rajaji and<span class="SpellE">Munshi</span> had consequences too.<br />
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When we deconstruct Gandhi’s so-called freedom struggle and examine the milestones which defined the struggle, we know that every political decision that Gandhi made on behalf of the Congress vis a vis the Muslim League and on behalf of all Hindus of the country vis a vis the Muslims, and every political action and agitation that he launched ostensibly against the British government and against Hindus who defied his passive resistance benefitted only and only the Muslims and Imperial London; Hindus got nothing. If anything, Hindus suffered irretrievable losses to their homes, homeland, life, property and their nation’s territory; in 1947, with India’s independence, Hindus lost political power too in Nehru’s India. Imperial London watched Gandhi in South Africa very closely and manoeuvred Gandhi’s towering political ambitions precisely in the wanted direction and when the time was right, they pinned the halo of Mahatma around his head and sent him back to India in July 1914. The timing of Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa says it all.<br />
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The British government’s farsighted move to paratroop Gandhi from South Africa to India yielded spectacular results; the nation was vivisected and Mountbatten succeeded in leaving with Pakistan the critically vital territory of the kingdom’s northern areas which adjoined not only Afghanistan but also had a small but geopolitically important border with Central Asia.<br />
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<a href="http://www.mapsofworld.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir/" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://www.vigilonline.com/images/jammu-and-kashmir_.jpg" style="border: 0px none;" width="600" /></a><br />
<strong>Source:</strong><a href="http://www.mapsofworld.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir/" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.mapsofworld.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir/</a></div>
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Mountbatten knew that Pakistan would automatically move into the western orbit for American and British aid in the economic and military spheres to keep abreast of India’s abundant natural resources and proven native genius and that was the West’s leverage to control the territory overlooking China, Afghanistan and Central Asia. And what remained with India of the kingdom of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Tibet, Mountbatten nudged Nehru to take it the United Nations.<br />
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If Imperial London removed Tilak, <span class="SpellE">Savarkar</span> and Aurobindo to make way for Gandhi,Subhash Bose, KM Munshi and Rajaji, who unlike Patel were outspoken critics of Gandhi’s politics, were removed by Gandhi to make way for Nehru.<br />
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<strong>Why did Gandhi leave South Africa in July 1914?</strong><br />
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Without going into details which are not germane to the theme of this article, suffice it to say that the South African government passed the Indian Relief Act on June 26, 1914 allegedly in response to Gandhi’s last and protracted passive resistance campaign which he launched in November 1913. As I have shown in my book<em>Eclipse of the Hindu Nation</em>, the Indian Relief Act gave very little to Indians but just enough to project Gandhi’s passive resistance as a very successful and “spiritual” weapon of engagement with colonial governments. <strong></strong><br />
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Imperial London was well aware that Tilak was due to be released from Mandalay in June 1914 and there was every danger that the Indian National Congress, which was in a limbo after the British government removed Tilak and Aurobindo forcefully from the political arena in 1908-09 while simultaneously decimating the Nationalist faction of the INC which split in Surat in December 1907, would once again inevitably return to Tilak’s control. If Gandhi had to supplant Aurobindo and Tilak as leader of the INC with the same matchless moral authority and real power, then his stature would have to be muscularly and even artificially elevated to match the stature of Lokmanya Tilak. In January 1915 when Gandhi landed in Mumbai hisMahatmahood rested only on the public announcement he made in March 1906 that he was giving up sexual relations with his wife, and the manipulated success of his last passive resistance campaign which was touted to have made the racist South African government responsive to a non-violent ‘coolie’. Just so would establishment historians in India’s post-independence academe entrench the falsehood that the half-dhoti clad Mahatma brought the Empire down on its knees with his toothless smile and passive resistance.<br />
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<strong>The chimera of the success of Gandhi’s passive resistance</strong><br />
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A clinical evaluation of Gandhi’s political activism in South Africa attests to clever manipulation of Gandhi’s ideas, actions and even the direction of Gandhi’s political activism by Imperial London (Lord Ampthill, William Wedderburn, Lord Hardinge and Lord Minto among others), sundry Christian missionaries and the INC’s Empire loyalists Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee and Sir MancherjeeBhownagree.<strong> </strong><br />
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Gandhi therefore had to be nudged to return to India with a halo around his head and the South African government readily gave Gandhi a cause to launch his last “successful” passive resistance campaign.<br />
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“Gandhi organized his satyagraha jointly against three laws: to protest the March 1913 ruling by Justice Searle in the Cape Supreme Court which de-recognized Hindu and Muslim marriages; the June 1913 Immigrants Regulation Amendment Act; and the notorious Three Pound Taxwhich came into effect in March 1911 and made it mandatory for every Indian family who did not wish to continue their contracts as indentured labour andchose to stay on in South Africa as ‘free’ Indians, to pay a tax of three pounds per head to the South African state. In this way, an ex-indentured family paid as much as 15, 20 or even 25 pounds, depending on the size of the family. Children of ex-indentured Indians were not spared, and boys above 16 years and girls over 13 had to pay this crippling tax. Clearly the South African regime was determined to precipitate a crisis. Gandhi’s last Satyagraha in South Africa thus brought to the streets indentured and ex-indentured Indians along with vast numbers of the Indian community, making this his largest campaign in South Africa, and covering a large segment of Apartheid laws in force against the Indian community. The coal miners from Newcastle in northern Natal were the first to down tools and join Gandhi in the strike, followed by workers across Natal. The<span class="GramE">satyagraha</span> coincided with a general and paralyzing railway strike, and Gandhi was in a position to push the government into a corner, demanding immediate repeal of discriminatory laws in return for ending the non-cooperation movement. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">As a perfect prelude to what would become a pattern in India, first in 1922, and then in 1931, even as many Indians were brutally beaten up, killed in police firing, and as more and more Indians, particularly women, joined the strike, choosing to die for Gandhi’s satyagraha, the leader himself was simply lodged in jail. As protests mounted over his ‘arrest’ and over police brutality, Gandhi called off the civil disobedience movement. In this instance, Gandhi called off the strike at a time when it had gained optimum momentum and reached its peak, because he allegedly did not want to add to the troubles of the South African government which had already been brought to its knees by the general railway strike. So as a loyal citizen of the Empire, having demonstrated his ability to inflame passions and get ordinary, gullible people killed by repressive State power, he withdrew the strike and rendered the sacrifice of ordinary Indians completely futile.</span></strong>Gandhi’s unique ability to arouse and deflate human passions somehow always benefited the colonial government and increased his own grip over the organizations he headed.” (<em>Eclipse of the Hindu Nation</em>, Chapter 3, Gandhi’s success in South Africa) <a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/dynamic_includes/downloads/Eclipse-of-Hindu-Nation/Chapter-3.pdf" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.vigilonline.com/dynamic_includes/downloads/Eclipse-of-Hindu-Nation/Chapter-3.pdf</a><br />
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We must revisit Gandhi in South Africa to know exactly what he fought for, what were his weapons or tools of engagement with the South African government and whether he succeeded because of his moral worth and efficacy of his tools or because the South African government gave him a little of what he wanted so that they could pin a halo around his head and push him out of South Africa and into India where Imperial London had already planned a very large role for him in the INC to neutralise Lokmanya Tilak. This questioning must needs be done because the INC became a Kaurava Court only because even tall leaders of the Congress did not dare to publicly take down “Mahatma” Gandhi for fear of weakening the INC vis a visa united, well-focussed Muslim League.<br />
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In November 1913, Lord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India, in a speech in Madras expressed sympathy with the Indian Passive Resistance struggle in South Africa, boosting Gandhi’s political and moral stature in India, which had already been enhanced by Gokhale’s towering praise for him after Gokhale returned from South Africa: ‘Only those who have come into personal contact with Mr. Gandhi as he is now can realize the wonderful personality of the man. He is without doubt made of the stuff which heroes and martyrs are made; Nay, more. He has in him the marvellous spiritual power to turn ordinary men around him into heroes and martyrs’. <span class="GramE"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Hardinge</span></strong></span><span class="GramE"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">, let us recall, at exactly the same time that he was mouthing fulsome praise for Gandhji had just sentenced Savarkar to two sentences of ‘transportation for life’.</span></strong></span> Imperial London and Empire loyalists had already begun to prepare the ground for Gandhi’s triumphant return.<br />
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The Indian Relief Act abolished the £3 poll tax, recognized marriages contracted in terms of traditional Indian (Muslim or Hindu) rites, and facilitated the entry into the Union of the wives of Indians already domiciled locally. However, Indians remained disenfranchised and were still not allowed to own property in the two former Boer Republics (Transvaal, Orange Free State), or to live in the Orange Free State. Further, restrictions on Indian trading remained in force. In short, the South African government did only the minimum necessary to boost Gandhi’s image as the non-violent deliverer of the Indian people. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">As Smuts himself stated in the Senate on March 11, 1914, Gandhi was allowed to function in South Africa as he did ‘because he never advocated methods of violence to overthrow the government’.</span></strong><br />
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This would be Gandhi’s signature tune in India when under his leadership the freedom struggle led by Tilak and Aurobindo would turn retrograde and would eventually culminate not in independence but in the vivisection of the Hindu nation. By sabotaging the Cabinet Mission, Gandhi would not only push Jinnah over the edge in 1946 forcing Jinnah to declare “Direct Action” against ordinary Hindus, but Gandhi would also feed the jihadi monster in the shape of Sheikh Abdullah and thus light the jihadi fire which continues to burn unabated till today.<br />
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While Gandhi left the shores of South Africa on 18<sup>th</sup> July 1914 on SS KinfaunsCastle, he did not sail to India; he sailed to England where he stayed for the next six months. This vital piece of information is uniformly kept out of all history-writing. What was Gandhi doing in England for six months, which government officials and ministers did he meet, and what did they talk about, before leaving finally for India and landing in Mumbai’s Apollo Bundar in January 1915? One thing we do know. On 8<sup>th</sup> August, 1914, Gandhi was given a reception at Hotel Cecil, London by English and Indian friends: Jinnah, Lala Lajpat Rai and Sarojini Naidu were among those present at the reception. Five days later, on 13<sup>th</sup> August, 1914, Gandhi signed a circular:<br />
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<em>“We, the undersigned have, after mature deliberation, decided for the sake of the Motherland and the Empire to place our services unconditionally, during this crisis, at the disposal of the Authorities. We advisedly use the word ‘unconditionally’ as we believe that, at a moment like this, no service that can be assigned to us can be considered to be beneath our dignity or inconsistent with our self-respect”. </em><br />
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<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">This secretive pledge of loyalty and unconditional support to the Empire was signed by Gandhi, Kasturba and Sarojini Naidu and fifty other Indians. But significantly, Jinnah and Lajpat Rai, to their eternal credit, did not sign the loyalty and support pledge.</span></strong><br />
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<span class="SpellE"><strong>Champaran</strong></span><strong>, Khera and the secret back-room deal</strong><br />
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Gandhi’s Mahatmahood in 1915 when he returned to India, as shown, rested on weak foundations. Gandhi’s pledge of loyalty and support to the Empire must be understood in the light of the truth of Gandhi’s first major passive resistance movement in India after his return – in Champaran and Khera. To drive home the point to all Indians in general and to the INC in particular that passive resistance, humility and meekness alone were the only successful instruments of engagement with the colonial government, Gandhi and the British government in India struck a back-room secret deal. The deal was – the British government would make Gandhi’s passive resistance campaign for the farmers of Champaran and Khera a significant “success” and Gandhi in turn would use the success to portray the British government as benevolent and generous and use the success to recruit ordinary gullible Indians enchanted with his Mahatmahood to fight for Britain in World War I – a war that had nothing to do with India or India’s Hindus.<br />
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“<strong><em>I hope to translate the spoken word into action </em></strong>(reference to the secret pledge of loyalty and support for WWI signed in London by Gandhi)<strong><em> as early as the Government can see its way to accept my offer, which I am submitting simultaneously herewith in a separate letter. I recognize that, in the hour of its danger, we must give, as we have decided to give - ungrudging and unequivocal support to the Empire, of which we aspire, in the near future, to be partners in the same sense as the Dominions overseas. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">I would make India offer all her able-bodied sons as a sacrifice to the Empire at its critical moment.</span></em></strong><br />
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<strong><em>In Champaran, by resisting an age-long tyranny, I have shown the ultimate sovereignty of British justice. In Kaira, a population that was cursing the Government now feels that it, and not the Government, is the power when it is prepared to suffer for the truth it represents. It is, therefore, losing its bitterness and is saying to itself that the (British) Government must be a Government for the people, for it tolerates orderly and respectful disobedience where injustice is felt. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thus, Champaran and Kaira affairs are my direct, definite, and special contribution to the war.</span></em></strong><br />
<br />
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">I write this, because I love the English Nation, and I wish to evoke in every Indian the loyalty of the Englishman</span>. I <span class="GramE">remain,</span> Your Excellency’s faithful servant, M. K. Gandhi.”</em></strong> (Excerpts from Letter to Viceroy, Delhi, April 29, 1918, N.A.I: Home, War (Deposit); October 1918 No. 26, CWMG, Vol. 17, pp 7-10)<br />
<br />
<em>“Further I desire relief regarding the Kaira trouble. Relief will entirely disengage me from that preoccupation which I may not entirely set aside. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">It will also enable me to fall back for war purposes upon my co-workers in Kaira and it may enable me to get recruits from the district.</span></strong></em><br />
<br />
<em>I suggest that action in this matter be taken as a war measure. This will obviate the fear of the relief being regarded as a precedent. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pray understand that my offer is not conditional upon relief in either case. I merely ask for relief in the two cases in furtherance of the common object.”</span></strong></em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></strong>(Excerpts from Letter to JLMaffey (Secretary to the Viceroy), Nadiad, April 30, 1918, CWMG, Vol. 17, pp 10-12)<br />
<br />
The “common object” was to get Indians to fight and die for Britain in WWI.<br />
<br />
“<em>The other enclosure contains my offer. You will do with it what you like. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">I would like to do something which Lord Chelmsford would consider to be real war work. I have an idea that, if I became your recruiting agent-in-chief, I might rain men on you. </span></strong>Pardon me for the impertinence. The Viceroy looked pale yesterday. My whole heart went out to him as I watched him listening to the speeches. May God watch over and protect him and you, his faithful and devoted Secretary. I feel you are more than a secretary to him. <span class="GramE">Yours sincerely, M.K. Gandhi.</span> PS. The Reverend Mr. Ireland of St. Stephen’s College has kindly offered to deliver this letter into your hands. <span class="GramE">M.K.G.”</span> </em>(Letter to JL Maffey, CWMG Vol. 17, pp 12, 13)<strong> </strong><br />
<br />
<strong>Gandhi’s INC was a social reform organization and explicitly anti-Hindu</strong><br />
<br />
Thus the Mahatma’s halo which was newly pinned around his head in South Africa in 1914, with the manipulated success of his passive resistance campaign inChamparan and Khera by 1918, had become a permanent aura around his head. Gandhi had become invincible because the Mahatmahood bestowed upon him was a formidable shield. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">And it was this Mahatmahood which allowed him unchallenged and unquestioned authority to first de-Hinduise the Congress and transform it from a powerful political vehicle which the Congress had become under Tilak and Aurobindo’s leadership, to an impotent social reform organization which possessed neither the strength nor the sagacity to stop the Muslim League’s march towards creation of Pakistan. It was but a small step from de-hinduised Congress to anti-Hindu Congress.</span></strong><br />
<br />
It was also this Mahatmahood which enabled Gandhi to brew mischief, unrest and instability in several Hindu kingdoms in the name of civil liberties and temple entry at a time when he should have united all sections of Hindus to resist the Muslim League. Till the very end, it was Gandhi and Gandhi alone who drafted all resolutions of the CWC – the highest decision and policy-making body of the INC. It was Gandhi and Gandhi alone who made and executed all political decisions of the INC while the CWC was a mere puppet in the Mahatma’s hands.<br />
<br />
“<em>After the arrest of the principal Congressmen in August of 1942, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">the unguided masses</span></strong> took the reins in their own hands and acted almost spontaneously. If many acts of heroism and sacrifice are to their credit, there were acts done which could not be included in non-violence. It is therefore necessary for the Working Committee to affirm, for the guidance of all concerned, that the policy of non-violence adopted in 1920 by the Congress, continues unabated and that such non-violence does not include burning of public property, cutting of telegraph wires, derailing of trains and intimidation. The Working Committee is of opinion that the policy of non-violence as detailed in the Congress resolution of 1920, since expanded and explained from time to time, and action in accordance with it, has raised India to a height never attained before. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Working Committee is further of opinion that the constructive activities of the Congress, beginning with the spinning-wheel and khadi as the centre, are emblematic of the policy of non-violence and every other Congress activity including what is known as the parliamentary programme, is subservient to and designed to promote the constructive activities as explained by Mahatma Gandhi</span></strong>.”</em> <span class="GramE">(Congress Working Committee resolution on or before December 11, 1945, The Hindu 12-12-1945.</span> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The resolution drafted by Gandhiji</span></strong><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> was passed by the Congress Working Committee</span></strong> on December 11 the concluding day of its five day session in Calcutta. CWMG, vol. 89, page 25)<br />
<br />
Not political freedom, not resisting impending vivisection, not cow slaughter but spinning wheel, khadi, cleaning latrines and temple entry was the Congress Creed.In the Congress Creed scheme of things, only Gandhi had the right to do politics; the tall leaders in the CWC played Bhishma, Drona and Kripacharya.<br />
<br />
“<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">What we had to do was to prevent the Congress from turning into a Hindu communal organization. Anyone who had made India his home should be protected by the Congress. Hindus should never think that Hindustan belonged exclusively to them.</span></em></strong><em> The Parsis had come centuries ago, and the Syrian Christians were Christians ever since the time of St. Thomas. Every one of them had to be treated as an Indian enjoying the same rights as any other Indian.”</em> (Interview to Deobhankar, My Days with Gandhi, pp. 102-4, CWMG, Vol. 93, page 124)<br />
<br />
“<em>But for me as a believer in non-violence out-and-out they </em>(Sikh Gurus)<em> cannot be my guides in life in so far as their faith in war is concerned.” </em>(Guru Govind Singh,Sevagram, July 4, 1942 Harijan, 12-7-1942 – Vol. 93 pp 72 – 75)<br />
<br />
“<em>When I was in detention in the Aga Khan Palace, I once sat down to write a thesis on India as a protagonist of non-violence. But as I proceeded with my writing, I could not go on. I had to stop. There are two aspects of Hinduism. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">There is, on the one hand, the historical Hinduism with its <span class="SpellE">untouchability</span>, superstitious worship of sticks and stones, animal sacrifice and so on.</span></strong> On the other, we have the Hinduism of the Gita, the Upanishads and Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra which is the acme of ahimsa and oneness of all creation, pure worship of one immanent, formless imperishable God.”</em> (A Talk, Harijan 8-12-1946, CWMG, Vol.93, page 43)<br />
<br />
“<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">There were some who described the Congress as a Hindu organization. They only betrayed their ignorance of the political history of India. At one time the Hindu Mahasabha was in the hands of the Congress and so was the Muslim League and others. Congress was not a Hindu organization. It did not serve Hindu interests to the exclusion of the other communities.</span></em></strong> <em>It was hinted that the Congress leaders had come to consult him with regard to the interests of the Hindus. Had they done so they would have lowered the stature of the Indian National Congress in the eyes of the <span class="GramE">world.</span> They had come to consult him, as an expert on the Hindu-Muslim question, as to how best to serve the national cause in the present crisis.”</em> (Speech at a prayer meeting, Srirampur, December 28, 1946, The Hindu, 2-1-1947; and Harijan, 26-1-1947, CWMG Vol 93, page 207)<br />
<br />
In his Outside the Archives (pages 209-210, Sangam Books, 1984), YD Gundevia, Prime Minister Nehru’s last foreign secretary, recalls a Friday morning in December 1963, when Nehru held his customary free-for-all meeting with secretaries, joint secretaries, all deputy secretaries and some under secretaries. There being no specific agenda that particular day, Gundevia asked Nehru what would happen to the civil servant if, after being attuned only to Congress policies so long, the Communists were, tomorrow, elected to power in New Delhi. Nehru pondered long over the question and then said, <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">“Why do you ever imagine the Communists will ever be voted into power at the Centre?” After a long pause, he said, spelling it out slowly and very deliberately, “The danger to India, mark you, is not Communism. It is Hindu right-wing communalism.”</span></strong> Towards the end of the meeting he repeated his thesis.<br />
<br />
<strong>From Gandhi to Nehru to Rahul Gandhi, the Congress has remained anti-Hindu</strong><br />
<br />
<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">The cable that has thrust Mr. Gandhi into a political storm refers to a conversation he had with U.S. Ambassador Timothy Roemer on July 20, 2009, at a luncheon party hosted by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The passage in question says that while responding to the Ambassador's query about <span class="SpellE">Lashkar</span>-e-Taiba's activities in India, Mr. Gandhi said there was “evidence of some support for the group among certain elements in India's indigenous Muslim community.” <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The cable then went on to say, “However<span class="GramE">, <span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></span></strong></span></em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Rahul</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">)<strong><em> Gandhi warned the bigger threat may be the growth of radicalized Hindu groups</em></strong></span></span><em><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">, which create religious tensions and political confrontations with the Muslim community. The risk of a “home-grown” extremist front, reacting to terror attacks coming from Pakistan or from Islamist groups in India, was a growing concern, and one that demanded constant attention.”</span></em><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">(</span><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-told-us-of-threats-from-radical-hindu-groups/article958758.ece" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-told-us-of-threats-from-radical-hindu-groups/article958758.ece</a><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">)</span><br />
<br />
<em><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">The cable also attributes (MK) Narayanan as saying <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">''India is also seeing the beginnings of Hindu extremist groups that use violence,''</span></strong> agreeing, the cable says, with the Director Mueller's point that terrorists come from more than just Muslim backgrounds</span></em><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">.(</span><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-Gandhi-told-US-Hindu-extremists-are-a-bigger-threat-to-India/articleshow/7115703.cms" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-Gandhi-told-US-Hindu-extremists-are-a-bigger-threat-to-India/articleshow/7115703.cms</a><span lang="EN-IN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;">)</span><a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2245:why-mk-narayanan-and-p-chidambaram-must-be-tried-for-treason&catid=55:plainspeak&Itemid=71" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2245:why-mk-narayanan-and-p-chidambaram-must-be-tried-for-treason&catid=55:plainspeak&Itemid=71</a><br />
<br />
The Muslims had Jinnah and the Muslim League; the Hindus had no one. First Gandhi, then Nehru and then Rahul Gandhi have spoken about Hindu political empowerment which they labelled ‘Hindu communalism’ as being worse than jihad.<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Modi</span></strong><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> and Amit Shah must know there can be no Congress-<span class="SpellE">mukt</span> Bharat without Gandhi-mukt Bharat.</span></strong><br />
<br />
<strong>Gandhi sets Kashmir on fire</strong><br />
<br />
The kingdom of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Tibet was not a Muslim kingdom. The territories of the Hindus and the Buddhists in this kingdom dwarfed the Muslim population in the Kashmir valley. And yet, Gandhi and Nehru together encouraged the rise of Sheikh Abdullah in the Hindu kingdom. While the Muslim League towards the end of the 1930s decade had made it amply clear that their goal was Pakistan, Gandhi’s INC had lost sight of the political objective – political freedom from colonial rule and resisting the threatened vivisection of the nation. Gandhi had not only de-Hinduised the INC, he was explicitly anti-Hindu. Gandhi’s anti-Hindu prejudices extended to Hindu maharajas and kings and to Hindu scholars and sanyasis. Briefly, while the Muslim League absorbed into itself all Muslim formations and organizations and faithfully represented Muslim religious and political interests and objectives, while the Nizams and Nawabs with the Muslim League stood united in their common desire to return Muslim rule over India after the British withdrew or at the very minimum create the Islamic State of Pakistan, Gandhi not only refused to address the genuine concerns of the Hindu princely states but went so far as to appoint Jawaharlal Nehru and the Nawab of Bhopal to oversee their affairs in the troubled times when the country was sitting on the tinderbox of imminent Muslim League violence.<br />
<br />
Gandhi’s intense but barely cloaked animosity for nationalists like KM Munshi and NBKhare and for Hindu maharajas was his subjective preference and yet he imposed his personal opinions which were in some part unjustified and which for the greater part bordered on the fetish on the CWC and on the INC. This anti-monarchy fetish was certainly the product of Gandhi’s English ‘liberal’ education in London and the pervasive presence of foreigners in his life which influenced his attitude towards Hindu kings and rulers. Western liberal education of the nineteenth and twentieth century was greatly influenced by the political trends in republicanism, charter of rights and democracy and the concurrent waning power of European monarchies and the power of the Church. It was fashionable in those times in Europe to be anti-monarchy and anti-orthodoxy and Gandhi subscribed to the fashion. The INC, instigated by Gandhi triggered unrest in 1938 in Mysore, Rajkot, Jaipur, Coachin and Travancore; there was unrest in Talcher and Dhenkanal too. In all these small kingdoms Gandhi precipitated a crisis either in the name of civil liberties or temple entry for harijans. Needless to say the Congress meddled only in those states ruled by Hindu princes and kings; they did not dare to take similar liberties with Nawabsand Nizams. The Congress passed the Haripura resolution in 1938 with the clause of self-imposed restriction on direct interference in the Indian States; much like Pakistan’s ‘moral support’ for jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir, the Congress limited itself to moral support for the people in Indian States aspiring for civil liberties.<br />
<br />
Just how accurate is the description of the CWC as resembling the Kaurava Court can be gauged from the by now familiar silence of Patel, Rajaji and Rajendra Prasad when Gandhi offered to hand over Hindu kingdoms to the Muslim League. Verily, the territory of the Hindu nation was Gandhi’s patrimony which is polite English forbaap-ka-maal.<br />
<br />
“<em>With reference to your letter giving me the purport of your conversation today with the Quaid-e-Azam, I wish to say in as clear language as possible that when in aHarijan article I reproduced Maulana Azad’s published offer to the Muslim League I meant it to be a serious offer in every sense of the term. Let me explain it again for your edification. Provided the Muslim League co-operated fully with the Congress demand for immediate independence without the slightest reservation, subject, of course, to the proviso that independent India will permit the operations of the Allied armies in order to check Axis aggression and thus to help both China and Russia,<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">the Congress will have no objection to the British Government transferring all the powers it today exercises to the Muslim League on behalf of the whole of India, including the so-called Indian India.” </span></strong>And the Congress will not only not obstruct any Government that the Muslim League may form on behalf of the people, but will even join the Government in running the machinery of the free State. This is meant in all seriousness and sincerity</em>. (Letter to a Muslim, August 8, 1942, CWMG Vol. 83, pp 186-87)<strong><em></em></strong><br />
<br />
Indian India was the Hindu princely states and so outraged was Sir CP RamaswamyAiyar, the Dewan of Travancore who called Gandhi’s preposterous offer a “very astute and menacing move”. Aiyar resigned from the Viceroy’s Executive Council and declared his intention to take “his gloves off and definitely and publicly to arouse the States to a sense of impending danger.”<br />
<br />
During the extremely turbulent years of 1946-47 when everything was in a state of flux and no one could predict accurately how and when transfer of power would happen if indeed it would happen at all, several Hindu rulers and maharajas met Gandhi to probe his mind about what would be the fate of their kingdoms and provinces in the new dispensation. Among those who met Gandhi were the Deccan Princes and the Maharaja of Kapurthala. To them, like to all other princes and kings who met him, Gandhi had only one thing to say – become servants of your people. Etymologically the word may derive from ‘serve’ but the noun had acquired pejorative connotations and Gandhi, just as he had advised Morarji Desai to use the military to do only sanitation work, was now exhorting Kings to become servants. This was the same Gandhi who took great exception to white people in South Africa referring to all Indians as “coolies”. Even in South Africa, Gandhi who was infuriated at being called “coolie” however referred to native Africans derogatorily as “kaffirs”. Because Gandhi was not born white and because he took great pride in being the son of the Dewan of Porbundar who also had a privileged English education in London, Gandhi aspired to be dark white in social esteem and political status within the British Empire. Readers are invited to pay attention to Gandhi’s insulting views on Indian “aborigines”, the Santhals.<br />
<br />
“<em>Every Indian, without exception, is a coolie in the estimation of the general body of the Europeans. Storekeepers are ‘coolie storekeepers’. Indian clerks and schoolmasters are ‘coolie clerks’ and ‘coolie schoolmasters’. Naturally, neither the traders nor the English-educated Indians are treated with any degree of respect. Wealth and abilities in an Indian count for naught in that country except to serve the interests of the European Colonists. We are the ‘Asian dirt to be heartily cursed’. We are ‘squalid coolies with truth-less tongues’. We are ‘the real canker that is eating into the very vitals of the community’. We are ‘parasites, semi-barbarousAsiatics’. <span class="GramE">We ‘live upon rice and we are chock-full of vice’.</span> Statute-books describe the Indians as belonging to the ‘aboriginal or semi-barbarous races of Asia’, while, as a matter of fact, there is hardly one Indian in South Africa belonging to the aboriginal stock. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The Santhals of Assam will be as useless in South Africa as the natives of that country</span></strong>. You can easily imagine how difficult it must be for a respectable Indian to exist in such a country. I am sure, gentlemen, that if our President went to South Africa, he would find it, to use a colloquial phrase, ‘mighty hard’ to secure accommodation in a hotel, and he would not feel very comfortable in a first-class railway carriage in Natal, and, after reaching Volksrust, he would be put out unceremoniously from his first-class compartment and accommodated in a tin compartment where Kaffirs are packed like sheep. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ours is one continual struggle against a degradation sought to be inflicted upon us by the Europeans, who desire to degrade us to the level of the raw Kaffir whose occupation is hunting, and whose sole ambition is to collect a certain number of cattle to buy a wife with and, then, pass his life in indolence and nakedness. The aim of the Christian Governments, so we read, is to raise people whom they come in contact with or whom they control. It is otherwise in South Africa. There, the deliberately expressed object is not to allow the Indian to rise higher in the scale of civilization but to lower him to the position of the Kaffir.”</span> </strong></em><strong>(<em>Eclipse of the Hindu Nation, Gandhi’s “Success” in South Africa</em>, Speech at a public meeting, Bombay, 27-9-1896,</strong> CWMG Vol. 1, pp 407-17)<a href="http://www.vigilonline.com/dynamic_includes/downloads/Eclipse-of-Hindu-Nation/Chapter-3.pdf" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.vigilonline.com/dynamic_includes/downloads/Eclipse-of-Hindu-Nation/Chapter-3.pdf</a><strong><em></em></strong><br />
<br />
If Gandhi’s towering arrogance looked at native Africans with contempt in 1896, the same towering arrogance diminished the status of Hindu kings whom he advised to become servants of their people. There is a vast difference between Gandhi posturing to the world and choosing to call himself a “bhangi” and Gandhi condescendingly imposing the name “harijan” on people belonging to the scheduled castes, asking the Indian army to do sanitation work, advising soldiers of the INA who returned to India after the death of Subhash Bose to do farming and exhorting kings to become servants. Gandhi had no qualms about handing over Hindu kingdoms to the Muslim League and he had no qualms promoting Sheikh Abdullah against Maharaja Hari Singh.<strong><em></em></strong><br />
<br />
“<em>Only a few years ago the Princes felt that they could not be safe except under theParamountcy of the British Crown. It seemed to have dawned on most of them that that was not the correct attitude. This was but natural, for they were after all sons of the soil. He had said openly on another occasion that the people of the States were slaves of slaves which the Princes were. </em><br />
<br />
<em>If they became servants of their own people, if they took that attitude, they needed no terms with the Congress or with any other organization. The immediate need was an understanding with <span class="GramE">their own</span> people. He made bold to take up that attitude, though his might be a lonely voice. In his opinion, the Princes, as servants and trustees of their people, were worthy of their hire.” </em>(Speech at Meeting of Deccan Princes, Poona, July 28, 1946, Harijan, 4-8-1946, and The Hindu, 1-8-1946, CWMG Vol. 91, pp 369-70; Extracted from Pyarelal’s “Deccan Chiefs in Conference”)<br />
<br />
The meeting was held in the Servants of India Society’s Library Hall. Among those present were the Rajas of Aundh, Phaltan, Bhor, Miraj (Senior), Jamkhandi andKurundwad (Senior), Appasaheb Pant and Satawalekar from Aundh, Kore, Sathe andThomre from Sangli, the Dewan of Bhor and representatives from Budhgaon andRamdrug. N. C. Kelkar and Shankerrao Deo were also present on the occasion by special invitation<em> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></strong></em><br />
<br />
Gandhi insulted the leaders of the Hindu princely states and sent them away dejected and uncertain about their fate. To add more insult to their already injured self-esteem and high status, Gandhi told them that unless they heeded Gandhi’s advice, their fate may well become worse in Nehru’s India.<br />
<br />
“<em>I have eaten the Princes’ salt and I would not be false to it. As a faithful servant, it is my duty to warn the Princes that if they will act while I am still alive, the Princes may come to occupy an honourable place in free India. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">In Jawaharlal’s scheme of free India,</span></strong> no privileges or the privileged classes have a place. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Jawaharlal considers</span></strong> all property to be State-owned. He wants planned economy. He wants to reconstruct India according to plan. He likes to fly; I do not. I have kept a place for the Princes and the zamindars in India that I envisage.”</em><br />
<br />
<em></em>There was no longer even a polite pretence that the Congress was a democratic organization. It was either Gandhi or Nehru who unilaterally decided all policies. Gandhi may have used the phrases “While I am still alive”, “In Jawaharlal’s scheme of free India”, “Jawaharlal considers” very naturally but it was an ominous portent of more dangerous things to come. During his negotiations with the Cabinet Mission, Gandhi stipulated that election of the 93 delegates from among Indian rulers of the princely states to the Constituent Assembly will be determined by the Nawab of Bhopal and Nehru. If the princely states, a majority of whom were Hindus, failed to come to an agreeable solution there will be no delegates to represent them and their issue must be transferred to the Advisory Committee referred to in Clause 20 of the State Paper. Gandhi usurped to himself the right to decide not only who would be the delegates to the Constituent Assembly on behalf of the princely states but also arrogated to himself the right to deny them agency to decide their future.<br />
<br />
Even in that moment of acute anxiety for Hindu princely states, Gandhi did not have the vision to see an opportunity to reach out to them in solidarity and support; he saw in the meeting only a great opportunity to deliver what he considered was a well-deserved homily. It is striking that while he referred them to Nehru, he did not think he had to consult Rajaji or Patel who were more qualified intellectually to deal with this extremely complex and sensitive issue or that instead of the Muslim Nawabof Bhopal he could have requested a Hindu ruler to undertake the task. It must mean something that Gandhi had to be assassinated to give Patel the freedom and the space to integrate all princely states into the Indian Union; with the exception of Jammu and Kashmir which Gandhi handed over to Nehru as reward for filial obedience.<br />
<br />
<strong>Gandhi and Nehru sow the seeds of separatism in Kashmir </strong><br />
<br />
Gandhi’s penchant for entrusting Nehru with all major political responsibilities had less to do with Nehru’s political ability and more to do with Nehru’s sagacity in staying on the right side of Gandhi. It was Gandhi’s ‘moha’ for Nehru which drove a stake into the heart of the Hindu nation in 1946, when Gandhi subordinated the nation’s interest to Nehru’s personal whim in Jammu and Kashmir. Even as the INC was in the midst of the make or break negotiations with the Cabinet Delegation, trouble erupted inJammu and Kashmir. Sheikh Abdullah, a commoner from the Valley saw a great opportunity in the generally troubled times, to realize his own towering Muslim ambitions in the turbulent years preceding 1947. Playing out the drama for civil liberties and ‘freedom’ that the INC had staged in Rajkot, Jaipur and other Hindu kingdoms, Sheikh Abdullah launched in May 1946, the ‘Quit Kashmir’ campaign. Abdullah was promptly arrested and incarcerated.<br />
<br />
Nehru, in a significant political statement that Jammu and Kashmir was his fiefdom, attempted to enter Kashmir and was speedily detained by Ram Chandra Kak, the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gandhi jumped into the fray and in a passionate letter to Jawaharlal Nehru, pleaded with Nehru to return to Delhi with the promise that the Congress would make Nehru’s cause in Kashmir, its own cause and Nehru’s honour, its honour</span></strong>. The CWC draft resolution, as usual authored by Gandhi contained the ill-concealed threat to the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir that Nehru would return to “retrieve his honour”, a threat which does not find mention in the official Congress Resolution. True to his promise to Nehru, Gandhi drafted the Congress resolution on Kashmir in the name of Maulana <span class="GramE">Azad,</span> the President of the INC. Readers must read the resolution attentively to understand why Narendra Modi, Rajnath Singh, Manohar Parikkar andAmit Shah can do nothing different in Jammu and Kashmir and why they can do nothing to Pakistan.<br />
<br />
“<em>Recent events in Kashmir have been repeatedly considered by the Working Committee and the Committee have been greatly affected by them. They refrained, however, from expressing any opinion as they hoped that the situation could be handled satisfactorily by friendly mediation. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Their approaches, however, to the State authorities had an unfriendly response, and the situation has progressively deteriorated, involving repression of, and suffering for, the people. Recently, the popular leader of the people and the President of the Kashmir National Conference, Sheikh Abdullah <span class="GramE">was</span> sentenced to three years’ imprisonment. This has added to the gravity of the situation and distressed and angered large numbers of people within and outside the State</span></strong>. When Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru went to Kashmir and was arrested there,Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then President of the Congress, asked him to come back in order to continue the valuable work he was doing for the Congress in connection with the negotiations with the Cabinet Mission. Maulana Azad had assured him then, with the consent of the Working Committee, that the Congress would make his <span class="GramE">cause</span> in Kashmir their own. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru willingly returned, though not without misgivings. The Working Committee regret to find that his misgivings were justified. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">From all accounts received by the Committee, repression of an open as well as a subtle type is continuing, and the people connected with the Kashmir [National] Conference are being harassed in many ways. It is reported that while elections have been announced for the State Assembly, large numbers of names are being struck off the electoral rolls, and many prospective candidates for the election have been disqualified. No attempt is being made to liberalize the Constitution and to make it more democratic and responsible. In view of these reports, the Working Committee feel it necessary to send a deputation, consisting of persons of unquestioned ability and impartiality, to inquire into the reports of repression and suppression of civil liberties.</span></strong> The Committee, therefore, earnestly recommend to Kashmir State that they should invite such a deputation. Recent events in Kashmir have a large significance affecting the rulers and peoples of all the States in India and Committee trust that the States will welcome the step that they are taking in regard to Kashmir<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">. While noting with deep regret the sentence passed on Sheikh Abdullah, the Committee would consider his incarceration as a worthy sacrifice if it results in the achievement of the freedom for which he was labouring. The Committee express their sympathy for all those who have suffered or are suffering for the cause of freedom in Kashmir.”</span></strong></em><br />
<br />
Gandhi’s insistence that the territory of this bhumi belonged in equal measure (in diminishing order of equality) to Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jews and Hindus, in that order, was taken seriously by post-independence Nehruvian secular India; Secular India stood by and watched Sheikh Abdullah’s son Farooq Abdullah implement his father’s Quit Kashmir slogan faithfully in letter and spirit from 1989 onwards. His son Omar Abdullah by declaring that he will not allow Kashmiri Panditsto be re-settled in a well-protected Pandit region of the Kashmir Valley and nor will he allow Sainik colonies to be set up in Srinagar has only stated his intention to keep it that way.<br />
<br />
Amit Shah and Narendra Modi must put some steel in the spine of the government and work towards altering the arithmetic of religious demography which is influencing electoral politics in the jihadi state. The Kashmir Valley’s quota in LokSabha constituencies and state assembly constituencies is unnaturally weighted in favour of Kashmiri jihadis.<br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">The J&K state has six Lok Sabha seats – three from Kashmir valley, two from Jammu and one from Ladakh.</span><br />
<br />
The Legislative Assembly was initially composed of 100 members, later increased to 111 by the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (Twentieth Amendment) Act of 1988.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly#cite_note-B-2" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;"></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">Of these, 24 seats are designated for the territorial constituencies of the state that were occupied by Pakistan in 1947.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>These seats remain officially vacant as per section 48 of the state constitution.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>These seats are not taken into account for reckoning the total membership of the Assembly, especially for deciding<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Quorum"><span style="color: #0b0080;">quorum</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">and voting majorities for legislation and government formation.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Hence the total contestable and filled seats of the assembly are presently 87.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_valley" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Kashmir valley"><span style="color: windowtext;">Kashmir valley</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">has 46 seats, the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Jammu"><span style="color: windowtext;">Jammu</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">region has 37 seats and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakh" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Ladakh"><span style="color: windowtext;">Ladakh</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">has 4 seats. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">Two women may be nominated as members by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" style="color: #135cae; text-decoration: none;" title="Governor of Jammu and Kashmir"><span style="color: windowtext;">Governor of Jammu and Kashmir</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;"></span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #252525;">if he is of the opinion that women are not adequately represented.</span><br />
<br />
<strong>Prime Minister Modi and Amit Shah must do the following:</strong></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in -30.65pt 10pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">1. </span>Alter the religious demography of the state in a manner which will loosen the Muslim stranglehold on the polity.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in -30.65pt 10pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">2. </span>Set up Sainik colonies in the valley with determination and resolve.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in -30.65pt 10pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">3. </span>Carve out a portion of the valley for Kashmiri Pandits and set up the Sainik colonies along the borders of Pandit habitations.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in -30.65pt 10pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="EN-IN">4. </span>Bring the tenure of the J&K state assembly in line with the rest of India; reduce the tenure from the current six years to five years as it prevails in other states of the country.</div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
And as this government moves in this direction, Hindus must know and pass the word around that it was Gandhi and not Nehru who lit the jihadi fire in the Hindu kingdom of Jammu, Kashmir, Laddakh and the Tibets.<br />
<br />
Radha Rajan,<br />
<br />
July, 2016.</div>
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Who’s your daddy? An unknown hominin species that bred with early human ancestors when they migrated from Africa to Australasia has been identified through genome mapping of living humans.</div>
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The genome analysis also questions <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21586-chinese-human-fossils-unlike-any-known-species/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">previous findings that modern humans populated Asia in two waves</a> from their origin in Africa, finding instead a common origin for all populations in the Asia-Pacific region, dating back to a single out-of-Africa migration event.</div>
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Modern humans <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27620-gene-study-shows-humans-took-egyptian-path-out-of-africa/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">first left Africa about 60,000 years ago</a>, with some heading west towards Europe, and others flowing east into the Asia-Pacific region.</div>
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<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21028174-000-breeding-with-neanderthals-helped-humans-go-global/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Previous research</a> looking at the genomes of people living today has revealed that the Asia-Pacific arrivals mated with two hominin species they found there – the Neanderthals and the Denisovans.</div>
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Mysterious ancestor</h2>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3322" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
But when <a href="https://www.upf.edu/cexs/community/facult/bertranpetit.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Jaume Bertranpetit</a> at Pompeu Fabra University in Spain and his colleagues analysed the genomes of living Indigenous Australians, Papuans, people from the Andaman Islands near India, and from mainland India, they found sections of DNA that did not match any previously identified hominin species.</div>
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These DNA sequences are not present in the genomes of living Europeans or east Asians, suggesting that the ancestors of these people met and bred with a mystery hominin in south Asia or the Pacific region, who left their genetic legacy in the area’s present-day populations.</div>
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The unidentified hominin may be <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21729014-200-your-molar-roots-are-leftovers-from-homo-erectus/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Homo erectus or “upright man”</a></em>, says Bertranpetit. <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H. erectus</em> is believed to be the first hominin with a <a href="http://www.becominghuman.org/node/homo-erectus-0" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">similar stature</a> to today’s humans, and the first to leave Africa.</div>
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Ancient DNA needed</h2>
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Fossil records indicate that <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H. erectus </em>was present in Asia between about <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9989-timeline-human-evolution/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">1.8 million and 33,000 years ago</a>, so there could have been an overlap with humans towards the end of its existence.</div>
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“But we do not have any direct evidence,” says Bertranpetit. Confirmation would require a match between ancient DNA from <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H. erectus</em> remains and DNA from current Australasian populations.</div>
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Unfortunately, none of the <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H. erectus</em> fossils unearthed to date contain sufficient genomic data for this kind of comparison to be made, says <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/alan.cooper" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Alan Cooper</a> of the University of Adelaide, Australia. “Until we find a skeleton that is preserved well enough, we won’t be able to generate a whole genome like we’ve done with the Denisovans,” he says.</div>
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Many groups</h2>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3415" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24603-mystery-human-species-emerges-from-denisovan-genome/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Denisovan genome was derived from a well-preserved finger bone</a> found in a cave in Siberia, but such findings are rare, especially in the hot climate of Asia. “We may never find another preserved hominin in Asia,” Cooper says.</div>
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Making the story even more complicated is the possibility that <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28687-new-species-of-human-may-have-shared-our-caves-and-beds/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">multiple unknown hominin species</a> contributed to the mystery DNA snippets, says Cooper. “I wouldn’t be surprised – Asia is a bit of a nightmare in terms of the number of different groups that were running around at the same time,” he says.</div>
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Asia has turned out to have many more hominin forms than Europe, Cooper says.</div>
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“There is a tidal wave of studies coming out now on Australian and Asian genomes and they’re all concluding the same thing – there was a single out–of-Africa movement of modern humans,” says Cooper. “Europeans headed west, and everybody else headed east. And then within Asia, it became horribly complicated in terms of the movement, because there were several hominins floating around in that space – Denisovans, Neanderthals and now this third group.”</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "lato"; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal reference:</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nature Genetics</em><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;">, DOI:</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ng.3621" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #179cce; display: inline; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">10.1038/ng.3621</a><br />
<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2098566-mystery-ancient-human-ancestor-found-in-australasian-family-tree/#.V5bglj1mfmQ.twitter" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #009eb8; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article/2098566-mystery-ancient-human-ancestor-found-in-australasian-family-tree/#.V5bglj1mfmQ.twitter</a><br />
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Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation</h1>
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<dl class="yiv5239746346gmail-citation" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><dd class="yiv5239746346gmail-journal-title" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: inline; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; text-transform: capitalize;">Nature Genetics</dd> <dd style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">(2016)</dd> <dd class="yiv5239746346gmail-doi" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px;">doi:10.1038/ng.3621</dd></dl>
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<h1 class="article-heading" style="color: #222222; font-size: 28.5551px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.173; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation</h1>
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<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-1" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Mayukh Mondal</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-2" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Ferran Casals</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
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<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-4" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Giovanni M Dall'Olio</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-5" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Marc Pybus</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-6" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Mihai G Netea</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-7" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">David Comas</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-8" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Hafid Laayouni</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-9" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Qibin Li</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li>
<li class="vcard c2 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-10" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Partha P Majumder</span></a> </li>
<li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">& <a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#auth-11" style="color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jaume Bertranpetit</span></a></li>
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<dl class="citation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><dd class="journal-title" style="display: inline; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; text-transform: capitalize;">Nature Genetics</dd> <dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2016-07-25">(2016)</time></dd> <dd class="doi" style="background: url("/view/images/bg_pipe.gif") 0px 0.4ex no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px;">doi:10.1038/ng.3621</dd></dl>
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<dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2015-12-31">31 December 2015 </time></dd>
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<dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2016-06-17">17 June 2016 </time></dd>
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<dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2016-07-25">25 July 2016</time></dd></dl>
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To shed light on the peopling of South Asia and the origins of the morphological adaptations found there, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from 10 Andamanese individuals and compared them with sequences for 60 individuals from mainland Indian populations with different ethnic histories and with publicly available data from other populations. We show that all Asian and Pacific populations share a single origin and expansion out of Africa, contradicting an earlier proposal of two independent waves of migration<sup style="font-size: 12.3207px; line-height: 0;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref1" id="ref-link-1" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;" title="Coon, C.S. & Hunt, E.E. The Living Races of Man (Knopf, 1966).">1</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref2" id="ref-link-2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;" title="Molnar, S. Human Variation: Races, Types and Ethnic Groups (Routledge, 2015).">2</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref3" id="ref-link-3" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;" title="Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., Menozzi, P. & Piazza, A. The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton University Press, 1994).">3</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref4" id="ref-link-4" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;" title="Rasmussen, M. et al. An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Science 334, 94-98 (2011).">4</a></sup>. We also show that populations from South and Southeast Asia harbor a small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europeans and East Asians. The footprints of adaptive selection in the genomes of the Andamanese show that the characteristic distinctive phenotypes of this population (including very short stature) do not reflect an ancient African origin but instead result from strong natural selection on genes related to human body size.</div>
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<li style="display: inline; float: right; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 3px;"><a href="http://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVersion=2&amp;SrcAuth=Nature&amp;SrcApp=Nature&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord&amp;KeyUT=000295580300047&amp;DestApp=WOS_CPL" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">ISI</a></li>
<li style="display: inline; float: right; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 3px;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=21940856&amp;dopt=Abstract" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">PubMed</a></li>
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<li id="ref5" style="list-style: decimal; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><span class="vcard author">Huxley, T.H.</span> <span class="title">On the geographical distribution of the chief modifications of mankind</span>. <span class="source-title" style="font-style: italic;">J. Ethnol. Soc. London</span> <span class="volume" style="font-weight: bold;">2</span>, <span class="start-page">404</span>–<span class="end-page">412</span> (<span class="year">1870</span>).<ul class="cleared" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1;">
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<li style="display: inline; float: right; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 3px;"><a href="http://chemport.cas.org/cgi-bin/sdcgi?APP=ftslink&action=reflink&origin=npg&version=1.0&coi=1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFOitrnE&pissn=1061-4036&pyear=2016&md5=8212a13ec59bc74aa63ec17d71d021e5" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">CAS</a></li>
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<li style="display: inline; float: right; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 3px;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=19779445&amp;dopt=Abstract" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;">PubMed</a></li>
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Author footnotes</h2>
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These authors contributed equally to this work.</h3>
<ul class="footnote-authors" data-test="af-section-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Mayukh Mondal, </li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Ferran Casals & </li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Tina Xu</li>
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These authors jointly directed this work.</h3>
<ul class="footnote-authors" data-test="af-section-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Qibin Li, </li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Partha P Majumder & </li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Jaume Bertranpetit</li>
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Affiliations</h2>
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<li id="a1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Mayukh Mondal,</li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Marc Pybus,</li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">David Comas,</li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Hafid Laayouni &</li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Jaume Bertranpetit</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="a2" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Ferran Casals</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="a3" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Tina Xu &</li>
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Qibin Li</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="a4" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Giovanni M Dall'Olio</li>
</ul>
</li>
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Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Mihai G Netea</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="a6" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Hafid Laayouni</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="a7" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
National Institute of BioMedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Partha P Majumder</li>
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<li id="a8" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="color: #707070; display: inline; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</h3>
<ul class="affiliation-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Jaume Bertranpetit</li>
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<h2 id="contrib-auth" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14.495px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Contributions</h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
M.M., F.C., P.P.M. and J.B. conceived and designed the project. P.P.M. provided the samples. P.P.M., T.X. and Q.L. sequenced samples and carried out initial analyses. M.M. performed the remaining genetic data analyses. F.C., G.M.D., M.P., M.G.N., D.C., H.L., P.P.M. and J.B. participated in and discussed analyses. M.M., F.C., P.P.M. and J.B. wrote the manuscript.</div>
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Competing financial interests</h2>
<div class="conflict" style="margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px;">
The authors declare no competing financial interests.</div>
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<div id="corresponding-authors" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;">
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Corresponding authors</h2>
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Correspondence to: </div>
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<li id="c1" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="contact" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/foxtrot/svc/authoremailform?doi=10.1038/ng.3621&file=/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html&title=Genomic+analysis+of+Andamanese+provides+insights+into+ancient+human+migration+into+Asia+and+adaptation&author=Jaume+Bertranpetit" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;">Jaume Bertranpetit</a> or</li>
<li id="c2" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="contact" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/foxtrot/svc/authoremailform?doi=10.1038/ng.3621&file=/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html&title=Genomic+analysis+of+Andamanese+provides+insights+into+ancient+human+migration+into+Asia+and+adaptation&author=Partha+P+Majumder" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; text-decoration: none;">Partha P Majumder</a></li>
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To shed light on the peopling of South Asia and the origins of the morphological adaptations found there, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from 10 Andamanese individuals and compared them with sequences for 60 individuals from mainland Indian populations with different ethnic histories and with publicly available data from other populations. We show that all Asian and Pacific populations share a single origin and expansion out of Africa, contradicting an earlier proposal of two independent waves of migration<sup style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 12.3207px; line-height: 0;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref1" id="yiv5239746346gmail-ref-link-1" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Coon, C.S. & Hunt, E.E. The Living Races of Man (Knopf, 1966).">1</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref2" id="yiv5239746346gmail-ref-link-2" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Molnar, S. Human Variation: Races, Types and Ethnic Groups (Routledge, 2015).">2</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref3" id="yiv5239746346gmail-ref-link-3" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., Menozzi, P. & Piazza, A. The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton University Press, 1994).">3</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3621.html#ref4" id="yiv5239746346gmail-ref-link-4" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Rasmussen, M. et al. An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Science 334, 94-98 (2011).">4</a></sup>. We also show that populations from South and Southeast Asia harbor a small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europeans and East Asians. The footprints of adaptive selection in the genomes of the Andamanese show that the characteristic distinctive phenotypes of this population (including very short stature) do not reflect an ancient African origin but instead result from strong natural selection on genes related to human body size.</div>
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Subject terms:</h2>
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<li style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: #f6f6f6; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; display: inline; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/subjects/genomics" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(62, 105, 88); color: #5c7996; display: inline; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Genomics</a></li>
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<li style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: inline-block; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 140px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a class="yiv5239746346gmail-item-link" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/fig_tab/ng.3621_F1.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #5c7996; display: block; line-height: 109px; margin: 0px; min-height: 110px; min-width: 100px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: auto;" target="_blank"><img alt="Ancestry of Indian populations." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F1.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 108px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px; vertical-align: middle; width: 180px;" /></a><span class="yiv5239746346gmail-legend yiv5239746346gmail-cleared" style="color: #006699; display: block; font-size: 12.3207px; zoom: 1;">Figure 1</span></li>
<li style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: inline-block; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; min-height: 140px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a class="yiv5239746346gmail-item-link" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/fig_tab/ng.3621_F2.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #5c7996; display: block; line-height: 109px; margin: 0px; min-height: 110px; min-width: 100px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: auto;" target="_blank"><img alt="Fewer African-derived alleles in Indians, Andamanese, Papuans and Aboriginal Australians than in Europeans and East Asians." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F2.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 108px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px; vertical-align: middle; width: 140px;" /></a><span class="yiv5239746346gmail-legend yiv5239746346gmail-cleared" style="color: #006699; display: block; font-size: 12.3207px; zoom: 1;">Figure 2</span></li>
<li id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3401" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; display: inline-block; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; min-height: 140px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><a class="yiv5239746346gmail-item-link" href="http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/fig_tab/ng.3621_F3.html" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3400" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #5c7996; display: block; line-height: 109px; margin: 0px; min-height: 110px; min-width: 100px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: auto;" target="_blank"><img alt="Model of gene flow in Asia." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3399" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F3.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 108px; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px; vertical-align: middle; width: 150px;" /></a><span class="yiv5239746346gmail-legend yiv5239746346gmail-cleared" style="color: #006699; display: block; font-size: 12.3207px; zoom: 1;">Figure 3</span></li>
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<img alt="Ancestry of Indian populations." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" height="200" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3328" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F1.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: block; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: auto; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px;" width="361" /></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">(</span><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">a</b><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">) ADMIXTURE analysis using ten randomly chosen individuals each from the CEU (European), CHB (Han Chinese) and YRI (Yoruba) populations of the 1000 Genomes Project and individuals in our data set from the following populations: Punjab…</span></div>
<span class="yiv5239746346gmail-legend yiv5239746346gmail-cleared" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3394" style="color: #444444; display: block; font-size: 16.003px; padding: 20px 20px 0px; width: 520px; zoom: 1;">Figure 2<span class="yiv5239746346gmail-break" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">: </span><span class="yiv5239746346gmail-figure-desc" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3407" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Fewer African-derived alleles in Indians, Andamanese, Papuans and Aboriginal Australians than in Europeans and East Asians.</span><button class="yiv5239746346gmail-close" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: #cccccc; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); direction: ltr; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 15.843px; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px; padding: 0px; width: 15px;" title="close">close</button></span><br />
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<img alt="Fewer African-derived alleles in Indians, Andamanese, Papuans and Aboriginal Australians than in Europeans and East Asians." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" height="200" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F2.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: block; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: auto; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px;" width="280" /></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">Each horizontal bar shows the result of</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;"> </span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">D</i><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">-statistic analysis of the form</span><span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;"> </span><i style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">D</i><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3392" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">(W,X;Y,Z), where the W population is either French or East Asian Dai. The X population is from India (Punjabi, Uttar Pradesh Brahmin, Rajput, Bengali, Vellalar, I…</span></div>
<span class="yiv5239746346gmail-legend yiv5239746346gmail-cleared" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3331" style="color: #444444; display: block; font-size: 16.003px; padding: 20px 20px 0px; width: 560px; zoom: 1;">Figure 3<span class="yiv5239746346gmail-break" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">: </span><span class="yiv5239746346gmail-figure-desc" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Model of gene flow in Asia.</span><button class="yiv5239746346gmail-close" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3330" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: #cccccc; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); direction: ltr; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 15.843px; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px; padding: 0px; width: 15px;" title="close">close</button></span><br />
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<img alt="Model of gene flow in Asia." class="yiv5239746346gmail-fig yiv5239746346gmail-carousel-item" height="200" src="https://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/carousel/ng.3621-F3.jpg" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px; display: block; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: auto; overflow-x: auto; padding: 8px;" width="300" /></div>
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<span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469908393608_3408" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.942px;">Red boxes represent extinct non-African hominins who introgressed into modern humans; these introgressions are marked with dotted lines. Green boxes represent populations that may have admixed with the new unknown hominin. Andamanese an…</span></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-76869185062068405352016-07-30T12:12:00.000-07:002016-07-30T12:22:09.069-07:00DR. (DOCTOR OF WHAT?) ZAKIR NAIK, A MUSLIM CLERIC IN INDIA , ENDORSES PUBLICLY "SUICIDE BOMBING" AS A LEGITIMATE WAR TACTIC OF JIHADIS: IN RUSSIA HE WOULD BE ARRESTED IMMEDIATELY FOR INSTIGATING VIOLENCE. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 17.7656px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />ॐ</span><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 17.7656px;"> </b></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 17.7656px;"><br style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /></b></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"><b style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 17.7656px;"></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://bharatabharati.wordpress.com/2016/07/20/a-reply-to-dr-zakir-naik-maria-wirth/" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3156" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(117, 171, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="A reply to Dr Zakir Naik – Maria Wirth"><span style="font-size: small;">A reply to Dr Zakir Naik – Maria Wirth</span></a></h2>
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Posted on <span class="yiv2205430164" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #a12a2a;">July 20, 2016</span> by Admin </div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishvara" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3139" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Ishwara" class="yiv2205430164" height="320" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3138" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/brahman-and-atma-e1362914641533.jpg?w=460&h=320" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="Ishwara" width="460" /></a></div>
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<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><a href="https://mariawirthblog.wordpress.com/about/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Maria Wirth" class="yiv2205430164" height="156" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/maria-wirth.jpg?w=148&h=156" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: left; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 4px;" title="Maria Wirth" width="148" /></a>If you are sincere, Dr Naik, you will realise that the wisdom of your ancestors scores high over the worldview and the mind-set of Abrahamic religions. The attitude of “We alone are right and you go to hell if you don’t accept our religion” is doing great harm to humanity. It may be helpful for world dominion, but do you want to live in a world where everyone has to wear a straight-jacket? — Maria Wirth</em></h5>
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Hindus generally don’t criticise other religions in spite of the fact that Christianity and Islam not only criticise, but demean Hinduism badly. Zakir Naik is only one example. Do Hindus know what is preached in the innumerable churches and mosques across India? I know for sure that Hindu gods are called devils by Christian missionaries. Yet Hindus neither defend their gods nor challenge the Abrahamic dogmas in spite of having a solid philosophical basis for their beliefs, which is lacking in Christianity and Islam.</div>
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<span style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; line-height: 1.5;"><a href="https://bharatabharati.wordpress.com/2016/07/10/exposing-zakir-naik-might-be-a-better-idea-than-banning-him-t-a-bharadwaj/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Zakir Naik" class="yiv2205430164" height="165" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/zakir_naik.jpg?w=148&h=165" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: left; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 4px;" title="Dr Zakir Naik" width="148" /></a>Some years ago, Zakir Naik had ridiculed Ganapati and thrown a challenge to prove that Ganapati is God. I assume he means by God the Supreme Being that Muslims call Allah.</span></div>
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Now what do we know about Allah?</div>
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Foremost, Allah is great and merciful, and the faithful as well as the unfaithful are loudly reminded of it five times a day. He also knows what all human beings are doing, but is separate from them. It is claimed that Allah has communicated his final words to Prophet Mohammed. Those words are in the Quran. Allah declared that Islam alone is true. So, all human beings must follow Islam because other paths are wrong. And they must hurry up, because every human being has only one life.</div>
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Those, who do not accept Islam during their lifetime, will be thrown into eternal hell-fire where “boiling water will be poured over their heads that not only melts their skin but also the inner parts of their bellies….” (Quran 22:19-22)</div>
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Clearly, here is where Allah’s mercy ends. He does not brook any dissent. And the<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">azan</em>, which started compassionately, ends with: “Oh Allah, guide us to the Right Way. The Way of those whom You have favoured, not of those who have earned Your wrath….” (Al-Fatiha 1)</div>
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This means, Allah is merciful only to his followers who are called Muslims and he is wrathful to those who are not Muslims.</div>
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Dr. Zakir Naik, I am confident that I got the concept of ‘God’ in Islam right because Christianity has a similar concept. And I dare to claim that it is not true. Can you prove (and this challenge goes also to Christian clerics) that Allah / God is indeed so unfair and divisive? Can you prove there will be this huge cauldron of fire where billions of people will burn for ever after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Judgment#Islam" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Judgment Day</a>? Do these claims of “eternal hell-fire for unbelievers” not rather have the purpose to keep the flock in check? To divide and rule?</div>
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There are about two billion Christians, who are told they have to remain Christians, otherwise they can’t go to heaven. And then there are about two billion Muslims who are told that they have to remain Muslims, otherwise they can’t go to paradise. Both religions had plenty of time to sort out which one is true, but they did not do it. Why? Because they cannot prove it. They can only make claims and counterclaims and fight among themselves, between Muslims and Christians and with heathens or infidels. They do this for the last 2000 years.</div>
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Under these circumstances, can anyone claim that Islam or Christianity is beneficial for humanity? Is it not time to have a thorough check of what REALLY is the truth?</div>
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In regard to the absolute Truth, Dr. Zakir Naik, your ancestors, the Indian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Rishis</a>, made valuable contributions and you can be proud of them. In ancient times, long, long before Christianity or Islam appeared on the scene, the Rishis had a very mature understanding of Brahman which would be ‘Truth’ or ‘Supreme Being’ or ‘God’ in English. Brahman is not personal, not a superhuman entity somewhere in heaven, not male or female, not jealous of other gods, not revengeful if ignored, but It is <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satcitananda" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">sat-chit-ananda</a></em>, the conscious, one essence in all names and forms—like the one ocean is the essence of all the waves.</div>
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The Rishis realised that this universe is a wrong perception of Brahman. They called it<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(illusion)#Maya_in_the_Vedas" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">maya</em></a>, not really true, only apparently true.</div>
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For anything to qualify as absolute Truth, it has to be always—past, present and future—and it has to be self-evident.</div>
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The Rishis came to the conclusion that nothing fulfils these criteria except pure (=thought free) consciousness. This consciousness is here and now, always, everywhere. Yet we miss it because we focus only on things or thoughts, emotions, etc.—like, when we focus a torchlight in a room only on the furniture and miss the empty space. Infinite space, which throbs with life and love is actually a good metaphor for<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">sat-chit-ananda</em>—the highest truth that underlies names and forms (<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namarupa" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">nama-rupa</a></em>).</div>
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Science has meanwhile discovered the <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">sat </em>aspect of the truth. Oneness is there. To discover that this Oneness is also aware (<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">chit</em>) and blissful (<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">ananda</em>) scientists would need to turn to their own consciousness to research further instead of looking outside. Let us see whether the scientists will support also the claim of the Rishis that this whole manifestation is alive and full of bliss.</div>
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In one point, however, you are right, Dr. Zakir Naik: There is only one Truth, one God, which the wise call by different names. But the nature of it you got wrong. It does not send non-Muslims or non-Christians eternally into hell-fire. The Supreme Being is indeed merciful and great.</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Ganesha" class="yiv2205430164" height="164" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/ganesha_3.jpg?w=148&h=164" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: left; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 4px;" title="Ganesha" width="148" /></a>But you wanted to know whether Ganapati is a deity.</div>
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May I explain a bit of your ancestors’ tradition which struck me as most profound when I came to know of it?</div>
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Sanatana Dharma is not only about intellectually knowing <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">sat-chit-ananda</em>, but about realising it. Since Brahman is all-pervading, it must be also in us (<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81v%C4%81kyas" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">ayam atma brahma</a></em>). So we can tap and feel it. For this, however, we need to follow certain rules. We need to purify ourselves, lead a moral life, speak the truth, etc. To eat plenty of meat and have plenty of sex is not conducive for this purification. Yet one factor is very conducive: <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">bhakti</a>—</em>love for God.</div>
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Here Hindu Dharma brings in Ishwara.</div>
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The concept of Ishwara is close to the Abrahamic notion of a personal God but more benevolent. There is of course no eternal hell for unbelievers. Everyone gets chance after chance in life after life till he realises that he is not a separate wave, but one with the ocean.</div>
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Ishwara is God with attributes and has innumerable aspects, as this universe has innumerable aspects or human nature has innumerable aspects. These aspects are personified in different deities and the devotee can choose the one who is dearest to him. It helps to develop love for the invisible Truth—for example through Ganapati.</div>
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Those <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Devas</a> are mistakenly much maligned by Christianity and Islam. They are not separate entities but kind of access points to the one Brahman, which is otherwise unimaginable. It is possible to feel familiar with them, to love them, to talk with them. And the scriptures leave no doubt that Devas are ultimately Brahman.</div>
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And here, Dr. Naik, you may get an answer to your question whether Ganapati is ultimately the Supreme Being.</div>
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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganapati_Atharvashirsa" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Ganapati Atharvashirsa Upanishad</a>, which is part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharvaveda" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">Atharva Veda</a>, states:<em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">“Tvameva kevalam karta si, tvameva kevalam dharta si, tvameva kevalam harta si. Tvameva sarvam khalvidam brahmasi, tvam saksadatma si nityam.”</em></div>
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It means: You alone are the creator, You alone are the sustainer, You alone are the annihilator. All this is Brahman and You are that Brahman. You are indeed the Atman eternally.</div>
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This declaration, however, is not unique for Ganapati. It is said for other deities, too.</div>
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Yet the fact that this is written in a sacred text, is not proof enough. There are plenty of sacred texts in this world and if everything in them is blindly accepted as true, we end up with all kind of proclaimed truths which are not true. We need to verify what is declared as truth on the touchstone of reason, intuition and experience. If it contradicts all of these, it is not worth believing it and certainly not dying for it.</div>
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The proof that all deities are Brahman is because only Brahman really exists. Brahman is like the ocean. The waves are not separate from it. The name with which one worships the Divine, does not matter. What matters is how much devotion one feels. The greater the devotion, the more miracles can happen. Ganapati is loved by millions of Hindus worldwide. He is the door through which they try to access <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">sat-chit-ananda</em>.</div>
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Sanatana Dharma is very ancient. And yet the Rishis had such deep insights, for example that the world is a wrong perception of what is really true, like seeing a snake at dusk when in fact there is only a rope. <a href="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/mp-universe.jpg" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Max Planck Universe Photo" class="yiv2205430164" height="102" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/mp-universe.jpg?w=159&h=102" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); float: left; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 4px;" title="Max Planck All-Sky Photo : CLICK IMAGE TO ENLARGE" width="159" /></a>Westerners who ridiculed Hindus because they believe that the world is an illusion keep now quiet as science supports the Hindu view.</div>
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Meanwhile NASA scientists have detected the building blocks of <a href="http://www.ibtimes.com/nasa-dna-found-meteorites-indicates-life-may-have-originated-space-828233" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">DNA in meteorites</a>. The Max Planck Institute in Germany published the <a href="http://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/mpa/institute/news_archives/news1101_planck/news1101_planck-en.html" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">first picture of the whole universe</a>. It had an oval shape. Could it be possible that those who ridicule Hindus for worshipping a Shiva <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">lingam</em> might soon rethink their attitude, as well, lest they embarrass themselves?</div>
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Great men have come and gone in India’s ancient civilisation. Some have been made into gods. There is nothing wrong with it. The Divine is in all.</div>
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It should make you reflect, Dr. Naik that science keeps validating the insights of the Rishis, for example the mind-boggling age of the universe, or the ultimate Oneness of all.</div>
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Attempts to vilify Indian tradition by you and others are successful because the British weaned Indians away from their tradition and most people know little about it. Yet if you are sincere, you will realise that the wisdom of your ancestors scores high over the worldview and the mind-set of Abrahamic religions. The attitude of “We alone are right and you go to hell if you don’t accept our religion” is doing great harm to humanity. It may be helpful for world dominion, but do you want to live in a world where everyone has to wear a straight-jacket?</div>
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If I were you, Dr. Naik, I would be worried especially about one thing: what if you wake up after death and there is NO paradise waiting for you? What if all those <em style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">jihadis</em>, who were inspired by you, cursed you after realising there was no paradise for them? What if you are taking birth again in another form and reap the fruits of your actions of this life where you consciously or unconsciously distorted the truth? Rebirth is not only mentioned in the Indian texts. There is also plenty of evidence for it—over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reincarnation#Reincarnation_research" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">2500 cases are documented in the archive of Virginia University</a>.</div>
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Dr. Naik, I don’t know how deeply you believe what you preach. I know from personal experience how effective brainwashing in childhood can be. But I also know that it is possible to get out of it, and it seems the older one is, the easier.</div>
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For me, it was a great relief to come out of the Christian religious straight-jacket and I would encourage you to also genuinely enquire into the truth. Your concept of God is not Truth. You quote a book as support. Truth does not fit into a book. Truth is THAT WHAT TRULY IS.</div>
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Your ancestors, the Indian Rishis, spoke from experience, not from book knowledge.</div>
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» <em id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3167" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Maria Wirth is a German psychologist and author who has lived in Uttarakhand for decades.</em></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satcitananda" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3146" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background: transparent; color: #105cb6; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt=" Atman Brahman" class="yiv2205430164" height="308" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1469904474744_3145" src="https://bharatabharati.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/water-drop.jpg?w=460&h=308" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="Atman Brahman " width="460" /></a></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-63169488299154751972016-07-14T09:00:00.000-07:002016-07-14T09:00:21.985-07:00UNRAVELLING THE MAHATMA - THE MAHATMA WHO WAS OPENLY TEACHING THE HINDUS TO BECOME THE DOORMATS FOR THE JIHADIS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Gandhi’s prescriptions for Hindus living with Muslims in their midst</div>
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Prime Minister Modi immediately after returning to India after his tour of African nations chaired a high level meeting with some members of his cabinet, the PMO and the National Security Adviser to take stock of the latest bout of jihadi violence in Srinagar. The nation does not know what they discussed, what was their analysis of the violence and what is going to be the plan of action; the only salient thing made public by the Prime Minister was exhorting the army and para-military forces in the Kashmir valley to observe restraint. America and its extended arm of foreign policy, the United Nations, and of course Gandhi, could not have put it better.</div>
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On his visit to South Africa, Modi made the theatrical journey “retracing” as he said, the “Mahatma’s mahatma-making journey” by train. Of course, Modi did not go so far as to get someone to throw him off the train as the first history-making step in the making of the Mahatma, but Modi did say the train journey was akin to a pilgrimage. I would have ignored the Mahatma theatrics as Modi’s persistent foible except that the Prime Minister chose to go public with only one statement on the jihadi violence in Kashmir soon after he returned with Gandhi magic still misting his eyes – advising the army to show restraint and to ensure that no “innocent civilian” faced hardship because of army action. This Modispeak is Gandhispeak par excellence and I am enraged on two grounds: I do not like Hindu political leaders thrusting the Gandhicoffin on the shoulders of the Hindu nation and I strongly condemn any adverse remark by the Prime Minister or any Minister even implying that our men and women in uniform must battle terrorists and insurgents with hands tied behind their backs which is precisely what “restraint” means.</div>
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So I will begin this series of unravelling the Mahatma with Gandhi’s outrageous prescriptions for Hindus when faced by jihad. This is necessary because not only did the Mahatma have arrogant and insulting views about the character of our men in uniform but also to demonstrate how the return of Kashmiri Pandits to their homeland is closely linked to the army and para-military forces in the Kashmir Valley. I will quote Modi’s Mahatma only from the <strong><em>Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi</em></strong> which I have reproduced abundantly in my book <strong><em>Eclipse of the Hindu Nation: Gandhi and his Freedom Struggle</em></strong>, NAPL, 2009.</div>
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<strong>Political sagacity versus political blindness culminating in genocide of Hindus</strong></div>
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Let me begin by quoting Savarkar who had no illusions about the Muslim League and about Muslims generally. Readers are requested to bear Savarkar’s prophetic and farsighted words in mind to understand why I reject Gandhi’s politics totally and reject too Modi’s persistent efforts to resurrect Gandhi in the nation’s turbulent political arena. Had Gandhi restricted himself to khadi, temple-entry for untouchables, cleaning latrines, promoting Hindi, and devoted his life in the service of Hindu society like Madanmohan Malaviya, Thakkar Bapa, Acharya Vinobha Bhave, Ghanshyamdas Birla and Jamnalal Bajaj, without seizing control of the Indian National Congress and the political movement in its entirety, I would have no objections to the Mahatma; butGandhi’s manic control of the polity of the times vivisected the Hindu nation and caused irreparable harm to the re-scripting of Hindu-Muslim relations and the nature of post-independence Indian polity.</div>
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The political expositions of both Tilak and Aurobindo failed to address the question of how Hindus could undertake all-round rejuvenation of their society, religion and nation without state power and with colonial structures and separatist Muslims in their midst. Savarkar however confronted the issue frontally and in his Presidential address at the 21st session of the Hindu Mahasabha in Kolkata in 1935, stated his apprehensions bluntly and with startling foresight –</div>
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<em>No realist can be blind to the probability that the extra-territorial designs and the secret urge goading on the Moslems to transform India into a Moslem State may at any time confront the Hindusthani State even under self-government either with a Civil War or treacherous overtures to alien invaders by the Moslems. Then again there is every likelihood that there will ever continue at least for a century to come a danger of fanatical riots, the scramble for services, Legislative seats, weightages out of proportion to their population on the part of the Moslem minority and consequently a constant danger threatening internal peace.</em></div>
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This was Savarkar in 1935. Now let us see how Gandhi responded to jihad and jihadis and his generous advice to Hindu victims of jihad. Gandhi had four broad prescriptions for dealing with Islam, Muslims and jihad:</div>
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1. Muslim good conduct is predicated on Hindu generosity, self-sacrifice and willingness to suffer pain.</div>
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2. Hindus must die in large numbers as proof of non-violence, their willingness to suffer pain and death and their commitment to the Congress Creed which will not pick up arms against jihad which threatened their women, their way of life and vivisection of their <em>janmabhumi</em> or the Hindu Nation</div>
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3. Hindu women threatened with rape, conversion and other vile acts of jihad must bite their tongues and commit suicide.</div>
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4. No Congress government, no Indian government must call in the military when Jihaids unleash violence against Hindus and in situations of “communal riots” which is polite for Muslim violence.</div>
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And this is Gandhi’s prescription for government which in essence is liberal Christian political doctrine, a doctrine into which he had been indoctrinated in all those years in London and South Africa when the dominant influence on Gandhi was Christian missionaries of all hues.</div>
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<em>Hindusthan belongs to all those who are born and bred here and who have no other country to look to. Therefore it belongs to Parsis, Beni-Israels, to Indian Christians, Muslims, and other non-Hindus as much as to Hindus<strong>. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Free India will be no Hindu-raj</span>, </strong>it will be Indian raj based not on the majority of any religious sect or community but on the representatives of the whole people without distinction of religion.<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">I can conceive a mixed majority putting the Hindus in a minority. Religion is a personal matter which should have no place in politics</span>.</strong></em></div>
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Gandhi was actually propagating a political theory of Hindus as religious minorities in their own homeland! When Hindus are weak and politically disempowered or when Muslims enjoy active state support, the first targets are Hindu festivals. Muslims attacked Ganesh Puja processions and festivities in 1893 which caused Lokmanya Tilak and Aurobindo to begin the process of Hinduising the Indian National Congress which was still in the thrall of white British citizens, rich and influential Parsees and politically ambitious Hindus who were members of the Viceroy’s Council. Muslim proclivity to attack Hindu processions remained intact when on July 1, 1946, jihadis unleashed violence in Ahmedabad on <em>Ashad Sud</em> or<em>rath-yatra</em>. Morarji Desai, as Minister for Home and Revenue in the Government of Bombay, called in the army to contain the violence and Gandhio in typical, dismissive, contemptuous and belittling style not only demeaned the army but asked Morarji Desai to die in the flames of communal violence instead of calling in the army. Gandhi referes to Indian soldiers as “monkeys” and like Prime Minister Modi advised “restraint” to the army and told Morarji Desai that he would not mind if our soldiers died because they chose to exercise restraint.</div>
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<em>I was somewhat alarmed on hearing about the incidents at Ahmedabad. I was aware of the Rathyatra day. They must have anticipated a skirmish. Why did the police not take precautionary measures? Does not the police now belong to the people? Why did they not seek the people’s cooperation before hand? Our real defense force ought to be the people. Why call the military for such tasks? The people ought to have been forewarned that they would not get the help of the military. The State too may not rule with the help of the military. This could not be. Now realize your mistake and start afresh.<strong>Withdraw the military if you can. If you find it risky to withdraw the military immediately let them do policing. They may not carry rifles, and if they carry bayonets these should be used sparingly. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Don’t mind if a few have to die. They have been trained to act like monkeys. Under your administration they should cease to be monkeys and become human beings</span></strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span> Think about all this. Don’t do anything only because I am saying it. Do what you are convinced about. Remember one thing, viz., the [British] Government’s rule will take deeper root the more use you make of the military. Till now it has only been shaken, it may soon entrench itself securely. Well, “a word is enough for the wise”.</em></div>
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<em>“Mathatma Gandhi said that the outbreak of communal riots in Ahemedabad had pained him deeply and he had told Mr. Morarji Desai, Bombay’s Home Minister, who had come to see him before his departure for Ahmedabad, that <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">he, (Mr. Desai) must go to meet the flames under the sole protection of God, not that of the police and military. If need be, he must perish in the flames in the attempt to quell them </span></strong>as the late Mr. Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi had done.”</em></div>
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<strong>Terrorism has no religion, all Muslims are not terrorists and Hindus must choose to die but not fight back</strong></div>
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Gandhi at different times in his life, in different circumstances has said he knew the Jains better than the Jains, he knew the Rajputs better than the Rajputs knew themselves, he knew the women of Bengal better than the women knew themselves, and if we go by what Gandhi is saying when the country was burning in the fire lit by Muslim League’s call for Direct Action, Gandhi knew Islam and the Koran better than the Muslims knew their religion.</div>
<blockquote>
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<em>I can never subscribe to the view that because certain members of a particular community have indulged in inhuman acts, therefore the whole community may be condemned outright and put beyond the pale. The Muslim League may call Hindus names and declare India to be Dar-ul-Harb, where the law of jehad operates and all Muslims who co-operate with the Congress are Quislings fit only to be exterminated.<strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">But we must not cease to aspire, in spite of this wild talk, to befriend all Mussalmans and hold them fast as prisoners of our love. It would be a present possibility if Hindus in their lakhs offered themselves to be cut to pieces without retaliation or anger in their hearts</span></strong>. The Muslim Leaguers have today raised the slogan that ten crores of Indian Muslims are in danger of being submerged and swept out of existence unless they constitute themselves into a separate State. I call that slogan scare-mongering pure and simple. It is nonsense to say that any people can permanently crush or swamp out of existence one fourth of its population, which the Mussalmans are in India. But I would have no hesitation in conceding the demand of Pakistan if I could be convinced of its righteousness or that it is good for Islam. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">But I am firmly convinced that the Pakistan demand as put forth by the Muslim League is un-Islamic and I have not hesitated to call it sinful. Islam stands for the unity and brotherhood of mankind, not for disrupting the oneness of the human family. Therefore, those who want to divide India into possibly warring groups are enemies alike of India and Islam.</span></strong></em></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong>Women of Bengal should commit suicide and more Gandhi fairy-tale about non-violence</strong></div>
<blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gandhiji advised the women in East Bengal to commit suicide by poison or some other means to avoid dishonour. Yesterday he told the women to suffocate themselves or to bite their tongues to end their lives. But two doctors, B. C. Roy of Calcutta and Sushila Nayyar, had informed him that such means of suicide were impossible. The only way known to medicine for instant selfimmolation was a strong dose of poison. If this was so, he, the speaker, would advise everyone running the risk of dishonour to take poison before submission to dishonour. He had, however, heard from those given to yogic practices that it was possible by some yogic practice to end life. He would try to inquire. His was not an idle idea. He meant all he had said.</span></em></strong></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>“The tragedy is not that so many Muslims have gone mad, but that so many Hindus in East Bengal have been witnesses to these things. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">If every Hindu in East Bengal had been done to death, I would not have minded it. Do you know what the Rajputs did? They killed their womenfolk when they issued forth to sacrifice themselves on the battlefield. The surviving ones immolated themselves by mounting the funeral pyre before the fortress fell rather than allow themselves to be captured and dishonoured.</span></strong> There is nothing courageous in thousands of Mussalmans killing out a handful of Hindus in their midst, but that the Hindus should have degraded themselves by such cowardice, i.e., being witness to abduction and rape, forcible conversion and forcible marriage of their womenfolk, is heartrending.”</em></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong>More Gandhian gobbledygook</strong></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
Notwithstanding the fact that what Gandhi was seeing in Bengal was naked jihad, he told the Hindus of Bengal not to retaliate by picking up arms against the Muslims because the Muslims had assured Gandhi that they wanted peace and also that Islam did not permit abduction of women or forcible conversion; the inference being that if some Muslim League politician told Gandhi something to get him out of Bengal, Gandhi expected the Hindus of Bengal to trust the Muslim League or else trust Gandhi’s faith in the Muslim League and his interpretation of Islam. Historically there has always been a small section among the Muslim community which has condemned jihad and jihadi violence but that has never deterred Muslim terrorists from their mission to transform Hindu India from <em>dar-ul harb</em> to <em>dar-ul Islam</em>. Gandhi admits here he “did not worship idols.”</div>
<blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em>The Hindus, said Gandhiji, might say: did not the Muslims start the troubles? He wanted them not to succumb to the temptation for retort <span style="text-decoration: underline;">but to think of their own duty and say firmly that whatever happened they would not fight</span></em></strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span> He wanted to tell them that the Muslims who were with him in the course of the day had assured him that they wanted peace.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>I have heard nothing but condemnation of these acts from Shaheed Suhrawardy downwards since I have come here. Words of condemnation may tickle your ears, but they are no consolation to the unfortunate women whose houses have been laid desolate or who have been abducted, forcibly converted and forcibly married. What a shame for Hindus, what a disgrace for Islam! <strong>He had heard of forcible conversions, forcible feeding of beef, abductions and forcible marriages, not to talk about murders, arson and loot.<span style="text-decoration: underline;">They had broken idols. The Muslims did not worship them nor did he.</span></strong> But why should they interfere with those who wished to worship them? These incidents are a blot on the name of Islam. He said: <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">I have studied the Koran. The very word Islam means peace. The Muslim greeting ‘Salam Alaikum’ is the same for all, whether Hindus or Muslims or any other. Nowhere does Islam allow such things as had happened in Noakhali and Tippera</span></strong>. Shaheed Saheb and all the Ministers and League leaders who met me in Calcutta have condemned such acts unequivocally.</em></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong>As Hindus and the Hindu Nation burned, Gandhi continues to ask Hindus to die in the hundreds</strong></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
Gandhi goes to Bengal only in the last week of October 1946, three months after Direct Action and only long after the fires of jihad had burned down Hindus and their homes. He traveled across Bengal allegedly to end communal riots and in one such talk to relief workers in Chaumuhani, he had this to say:</div>
<blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">I know the women of Bengal better than probably the Bengalis do.</span></em></strong><em> Today they feel crushed and helpless. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The sacrifice of myself and my companions would at least teach them the art of dying with self-respect</span></strong>. It might open, too, the eyes of the oppressors and melt their hearts. I do not say that the moment my eyes are closed theirs will open. But that will be the ultimate result I have not the slightest doubt. <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">If ahimsa disappears, Hindu Dharma disappears</span></strong>.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Question: How can we create a sense of security and self-confidence?</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gandhiji: By learning to die bravely.</span></em></strong><em> Let us turn our wrath against ourselves. I am not interested in getting the police substituted by the military or the Muslim police by the Hindu police. They are broken reeds.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Q: To whom should we appeal—the Congress, the League or the British Government?</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Gandhiji: To none of these. Appeal to yourselves, therefore to God.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Relief workers: We are men—made of flesh and blood. We need some material support.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Gandhiji: Then appeal to your own flesh and blood. Purify it of all dross.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>A woman worker: What is your idea of rehabilitation?</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Gandhiji: Not to send them to Assam and West Bengal but to infuse courage in them so that they are not afraid to stay in their original homes.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Q: How is that possible?</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gandhiji: You must stay in their midst and say to them: ‘We shall die to the last person before a hair of your head is injured.’ Then you will produce heroines in East Bengal</span></em></strong><em>.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<em>Worker: That was once our idea too.</em></div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Gandhiji: I do not mind if each and every one of the 500 families in your area is done to death</span></em></strong><em>. Here you are 20 per cent of the population. In Bihar, the Muslims constitute only 14 per cent.</em></div>
</blockquote>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
Prime Minister Modi, Hindus are not prepared to roll over and die to strengthen the myth of Gandhi’s Mahatmahood which rested on Hindu powerlessness. The country’s government must either deal ruthlessly with all threats to Hindus, Hindu temples and the Hindu way of life or be prepared to see the rise of the Hindu kshatriya in defence of the Hindu Nation. (To be continued)</div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
Radha Rajan,</div>
<div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
14<sup>th</sup> July, 2016.</div>
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</div>
nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-25113039718407316322016-07-14T08:46:00.003-07:002016-07-14T08:46:59.383-07:00A MUSLIM PROFESSOR SHARES HIS PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WITH RSS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26366" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #333333;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26367" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26368" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26369" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: large;">My experiment with RSS</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26421" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"></u><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26422" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #3f3f3f;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26423" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "georgia";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26424" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;">This is the election time. A lot has been written about Narendra Modi and the BJP. A lot has also been said about the Congress and other secular parties. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26426" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26427" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />From the point of view of Muslims, both parties have been painted in black and white terms. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26428" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26429" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Modi, if he becomes the next Prime Minister of India, will turn the country into Gujarat subjugating Muslims. Then Congress and other secular parties, being protector, will emancipate them from the devil. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26430" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26431" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Thus, Muslims seem confused and are dangling like pendulum from fear to hope and so on. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26432" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26433" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />I do not endorse a particular party. Let it be upon Muslim voters to decide. However, I would like to narrate my direct experience with the RSS and its affiliate institutions. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26434" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26435" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />I grew up in the background of communal violence. Being a Muslim, I used to feel that I am being targeted for my religion in India. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26436" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26437" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Media further accentuated my fear by bringing live the violence against Muslims to me...Bhagalpur, Mumbai, Gujarat, Muzaffarnagar...endless, to name a few. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26438" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26439" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The fear multiplied many folds within me. I began to view all those individuals and organizations responsible for engineering riots as hunters seeing me as their next prey. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26440" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26441" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Truly, I began to view "instigators" of violence differently...being killers and only killers. I had no option but to live in India. I could not fly. I could not escape. I accepted fear as my destiny. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26442" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26443" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The time passed by. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26444" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26445" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />One evening, I received a letter of appointment from Durga Prasad Baljeet Singh College in the district of Bulandshahar. I had applied for a job at various places after having qualified the National Eligibility Test (NET) for lectureship. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26446" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26447" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />My joy knew no bound. I always looked forward to future. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26448" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26449" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The next day, I visited the college. The campus truly impressed me: the physical facilities, the ambience and overall discipline were up to the mark. I decided to join, though I hesitated initially.<br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26450" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26451" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The college was situated on the bank of the river Ganga, in a town known as Anoopshaher. The location of the institution was symbolic - to provide modern education in the environment of spiritual liveliness. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26452" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26453" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />I began to work hard. At the same time, I also carried the fear of insecurity as I was the only Muslim in the institution. Moreover, the management belonged to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the organization about which I had heard that it was anti-Muslim. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26454" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26455" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />I was given free accommodation in the college campus. Every night I slept, I thought if any communal violence would start, I would be the first to be targeted, yet I lived. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26456" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26457" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Soon, I befriended many. The most notable ones among them were Shri Acharyaji, a lecturer of Sanskrit and a scholar in Hinduism and KC Gaur, a lecturer in Education. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26458" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26459" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />We often shared the same dining hall, the same food, the same joke and the same laughter. We often played together, watched movie and had innumerable interactions every day. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26460" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26461" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The fear which I had carried for so long about certain organizations and certain individuals being 'killers' began to evaporate. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26462" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26463" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />The principal of the college, Dr Dhal, after having seen my performance, said: "Mr Azeem, you have a good future here". <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26464" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26465" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Within weeks, my perception about people coming from other communities changed. None of what I had feared all along ever nagged or troubled me. In fact, I began to feel more secure both physically and financially. I felt I had a rebirth. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26466" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26467" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Soon, I was elevated to be a member of the management in allotment of flats to the teachers in the college. Next my family joined me, and I began to live happily. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26468" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26469" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />That was truly my first interaction with the majority community. For the first time, I realized how brotherly feeling they carried toward their fellow-workers. My religion never came in my way to ever obstruct communications with them. Surprisingly, it became an advantage to me. Being the only one from the minority community, I was shown much affection and care compared to others. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26470" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26471" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />For better financial opportunities, I travelled to Libya on leave from the college. I still miss the college, the campus and the people there. I wish I have that life back to me. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26472" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26473" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Much of what creates 'fear' in individuals results from gap in communication between the two individuals and between the two communities. <br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26474" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br clear="none" id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26475" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />We should rely on our first-hand experience before coming to a conclusion about certain individuals or organizations. My impression to paint everyone as a 'killer' was absolutely wrong.</span></span></span><br />
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<span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26487" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26488" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "georgia";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26489" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;">I am an opinion writer to The Tripoli Post. I have been serving the weekly newspaper since 2008. I have written extensively about Libya, its people and culture. With more than fifty articles to my credit, as an Indian, I have made valuable contributions to the field of journalism in Libya. I had my Master Degree in English from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. I was awarded Gold Medal in 2002 for standing first in M.A.(Education) from Aligarh Muslim University. In 2003, I qualified National Eligibility Test (NET) for lectureship, conducted by University Grants Commission, India. I joined Durga Prasad Baljeet Singh (Post Graduate) College in the district of Bulandshar, Utter Pradesh where I had the opportunity to work both as a Lecturer and as Head of the Department of Education. Currently I am working in Libya as a Lecturer(English) at the College of Education, University of Al-Merghib, Zliten. I carry liberal values both toward religion and politics. My interests range from comparative religion to international politics. </span></span></span><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26490" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #7a7a7a;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26491" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "arial";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26492" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;">Zliten</span></span></span><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26493" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26494" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26495" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "georgia";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26496" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26497" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: #7a7a7a;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26498" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "arial";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26499" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;">Libya</span></span></span><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26500" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; color: black;"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26501" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-family: "georgia";"><span id="yiv1334787102yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1468248499156_26502" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span></div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-7453952037476428172016-07-10T18:42:00.001-07:002016-07-30T12:28:26.418-07:005600 HAVE READ WHAT A SPECTACULAR IMPROMPTU DEMONSTRATION OF DISCIPLINE AND DEDICATION AT AN RSS EVENT WAS!!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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My first visit to an RSS event changed my perception about RSS</h1>
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<span class="post-info-text" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Posted on</span> <span class="post-date updated" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">June 18, 2016</span></div>
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A few days back, I got a chance to attend a function organised by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Delhi state. I have attended many events organized by BJP, but I never attended any RSS event before this event. The event was organised in an open ground, a part of which was covered with tents for the event.</div>
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The swayamsewaks performed activities which they learnt in their 20 days long training Camp. It was to be followed by a speech by Shri Rameshwar, a Senior official of the RSS. When Shri Rameshwar stood to speak, a strong wind started blowing. The tent was tied to iron pillars from all sides, but due to pressure of the wind, it started shaking like leaves of a tree. All the pillars attached to the stage were also shaking. This all happened very fast. Even trained event managers couldn’t handle it easily and most of these swayamsewaks there were all untrained youngsters! The scene, for once, scared me so much that I thought of running away from the pandal.</div>
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The stage from which the main speaker was speaking was shaking like anything due to strong winds. I was pretty sure that the speaker will abort his speech and move from the venue. Who would want to stake his life for an event? What happened in next few seconds, changed my views for RSS forever. When the wind became strong, swayamsevaks quickly took positions. Those sitting beside poles, grabbed them strongly. They also untied all the tents from poles so that the wind pressure is minimized. Around 20-25 swayamsewaks ran towards the stage and grabbed each pole strongly to ensure that the stage doesn’t shake anymore. 6-7 swayamsewaks were holding each pole attached to the stage and made sure the events runs smoothly. Though the tent must have been of some tent-wallah, but his men were nowhere in sight. Swayamsewaks were holding each pillar of the widespread tent and ensured smooth functioning of the event. This everything happened within a couple of minutes.</div>
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But I must admit that the most astonishing thing that amazed me was the behavior of the speaker. The stage was shaking like a boat in a river, even one of the pillars of stage’s roof came out, which could even have caused his death, but he was as calm as if nothing had happened. Neither here was no sign of any fear on his face nor his words suggested so. He spoke for full 40 minutes as he was scheduled to, that too without even once mentioning the strong storm blowing there. The way by which these young swayamsewaks managed everything and ensured smooth concluding of the event, it was absolutely breath-taking. 2-3 swayamsewaks were tied to each of the pillar. Some even climbed on the pillars to ensure that they didn’t move any further. One senior swayamsewak, who was standing behind the main speaker on stage, was continuously looking towards the roof to ensure that the speaker isn’t harmed in case the iron pillar of the roof falls. He was on the stage which in itself was shaking badly due to strong winds and was held by 20-25 swayamsewaks who were holding the pillars of stage. Speaker put his faith on the karyakartas behind him while that karyakarta put his faith on the young swayamsenaks holding stage. What a bold statement of mutual trust it was!</div>
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While there was lots of turbulence, the main speaker stated that Sangh is an organisation which builds humans. I had heard this line many times but that day I actually realized what type of individuals Sangh creates. Speaker was a big RSS official. I am sure he won’t be knowing many of those who were holding the stage personally but he posed his full trust on their shoulders without even thinking twice. It was like putting his life in their hands.</div>
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May be this is the character-building that I have heard many RSS guys talking about. I shared here what I felt. These small things, in my opinion, make this organisation such a great one. We should attend RSS programs before forming opinions about the organization. I am sure you will like their dedication.</div>
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My best wishes to the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh.</div>
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nokidding---http://www.blogger.com/profile/03403515418075019046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4160064815613449047.post-60622879128332976012016-07-10T11:05:00.000-07:002016-07-10T11:16:33.351-07:00JACK MA CAN BE AN AMAZING ROLE MODEL FOR YOUNG INDIANS DREAMING TO BE ENTREPREANEURS <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Jack Ma</h1>
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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This is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_name" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_(surname)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ma (surname)">Ma</a>.</div>
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<tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 15.4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span class="fn">Jack Ma</span></th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jack_Ma_2008.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Jack Ma 2008.jpg" data-file-height="2617" data-file-width="2453" height="267" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jack_Ma_2008.jpg/250px-Jack_Ma_2008.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jack_Ma_2008.jpg/375px-Jack_Ma_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jack_Ma_2008.jpg/500px-Jack_Ma_2008.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
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Jack Ma, 2008 at World Economic Forum</div>
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<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Native name</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="nickname">马云 / Mǎ Yún</span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Born</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">10 September 1964 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(age 51)</span><br />
<span class="birthplace"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, China</span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Residence</th><td class="label" style="vertical-align: top;">Hangzhou</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Nationality</th><td class="category" style="vertical-align: top;">Chinese</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Alma mater</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou_Normal_University" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangzhou Normal University">Hangzhou Normal University</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheung_Kong_Graduate_School_of_Business" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business">Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CKGSB)</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alumni_1-0" style="font-size: 9.856px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-alumni-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Occupation</th><td class="role" style="vertical-align: top;">Founder and Chairman of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Net worth</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="300" height="11" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="11" /></span> US$23.3 billion (May 2016)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Forbes_profile_2-0" style="font-size: 9.856px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-Forbes_profile-2" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">Spouse(s)</span></th><td style="vertical-align: top;">张瑛 / Zhāng Yīng</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align: top;">Children</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">2</td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 15.4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Ma Yun</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh-Hans" xml:lang="zh-Hans">马云</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh-Hant" xml:lang="zh-Hant">馬雲</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" id="collapsibleTable0" style="background-color: transparent; border-spacing: 3px; border: none; clear: none; color: black; float: none; font-size: 12.32px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: -3px; min-width: 100%; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #f9ffbc; font-size: 12.32px; vertical-align: top;"><span class="collapseButton" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: auto;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#" id="collapseButton0" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">show</a>]</span>Transcriptions</th></tr>
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<b>Jack Ma</b> or <b>Ma Yun</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans" xml:lang="zh-Hans">马云</span>, <small style="font-size: 11.9px;">Mandarin pronunciation: </small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Mandarin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none !important;" title="Help:IPA for Mandarin">[mà y̌n]</a></span>; born September 10, 1964)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNBC_50th_birthday_3-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-CNBC_50th_birthday-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> is a Chinese business magnate and philanthropist. He is the founder and executive chairman of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a>, a family of successful Internet-based businesses. He is the first mainland Chinese entrepreneur to appear on the cover of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Forbes_profile_2-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-Forbes_profile-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.502px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#" id="togglelink" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">hide</a>] </span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Early_life" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Career" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Accomplishments" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Accomplishments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Views" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Views</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Personal_Life" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Personal Life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#Notes" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#References" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#External_links" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; text-decoration: inherit;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></a></li>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ma&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>
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Ma was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang_Province" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhejiang Province">Zhejiang Province</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="China">China</a>. At an early age, Ma developed a desire to learn English, so he rode his bicycle each morning to a nearby hotel to converse with foreigners. He would guide them around the city for free to practice and improve his English.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-how_4-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-how-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> He did this for nine years. He became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_pal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pen pal">pen pals</a> with one of these foreigners, and she nicknamed him "Jack", because his real Chinese name was too difficult to pronounce.</div>
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Later in his youth, and although he failed the university entrance exam three times,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Ma attended Hangzhou Teacher's Institute<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> (currently known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou_Normal_University" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangzhou Normal University">Hangzhou Normal University</a>) and graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in English. While at school, Ma was elected student chairman.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-how_4-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-how-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-how_4-2" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-how-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> He became a lecturer in English and International Trade at the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou_Dianzi_University" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangzhou Dianzi University">Hangzhou Dianzi University</a> and later enrolled at Beijing-based <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheung_Kong_Graduate_School_of_Business" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business">Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CKGSB)</a>, graduating in 2006.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-alumni_1-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-alumni-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ma&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>
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Ma applied for 30 different jobs and got rejected. " I went for a job with the police; they said, 'you're no good,'" Ma told Rose. "I even went to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="KFC">KFC</a> when it came to my city. Twenty-four people went for the job. Twenty-three were accepted. I was the only guy ..."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></div>
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In 1994, Ma heard about the Internet. In early 1995, he went to the US and with his friends' help he got introduced to the Internet. During his first encounter he searched the word "beer". Although he found information related to beer from many countries, he was surprised to find none from China. Further, he tried to search for general information about China and again was surprised to find none. So he and his friend created an "ugly" website related to China.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Within five hours of creating the website he had received emails from some Chinese wishing to know about him. This is when Ma realized that the Internet had something great to offer. In April 1995, Ma, his wife and a friend collected $20,000 and started an Internet company. Their company was dedicated to creating websites for companies. He named their company "China Yellow Pages." Within three years, his company had made 5,000,000 Chinese Yuan which was equivalent to US$800,000.</div>
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Ma began building websites for Chinese companies with the help of friends in the US. He has said that "the day we got connected to the Web, I invited friends and TV people over to my house," and on a very slow dial-up connection, "we waited three and a half hours and got half a page.... We drank, watched TV and played cards, waiting. But I was so proud. I proved (to my house guests that) the Internet existed."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> (At a conference in 2010, Ma revealed that he has never actually written a line of code nor made one sale to a customer. He acquired a computer for the first time at the age of 33.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_10-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-Bloomberg-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup>)</div>
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From 1998 to 1999, Ma headed an information technology company established by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_International_Electronic_Commerce_Center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="China International Electronic Commerce Center">China International Electronic Commerce Center</a>, a department of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Trade_and_Economic_Cooperation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation">Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation</a>. In 1999, he quit and returned to Hangzhou with his team to found Alibaba, a China-based business-to-business marketplace site in his apartment with a group of 17 friends.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> He started a new round of venture development with 500,000 yuan.</div>
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In October 1999 and January 2000, Alibaba twice won a total of a $25 million international venture capital investment. The program was expected to improve the domestic e-commerce market and perfect an e-commerce platform for Chinese enterprises, especially <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a> (SMEs), to address <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) challenges. Ma wanted to improve the global e-commerce system and from 2003 he founded <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taobao_Marketplace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Taobao Marketplace">Taobao Marketplace</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_Financial_Services_Group" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ant Financial Services Group">Alipay</a>, Ali Mama and Lynx. After the rapid rise of Taobao, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="EBay">eBay</a> offered to purchase the company. However, Ma rejected their offer, instead garnering support from <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a> co-founder <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_(entrepreneur)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerry Yang (entrepreneur)">Jerry Yang</a> with a $1 billion investment.</div>
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In September 2014 it was reported Alibaba was raising over $25 billion in an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AlibabaIPO_12-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-AlibabaIPO-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> Alibaba became one of the most valuable tech companies in the world after raising $25 billion, the largest initial public offering in US financial history. Ma now serves as executive chairman of Alibaba Group, which is a holding company with nine major subsidiaries: Alibaba.com, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taobao_Marketplace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Taobao Marketplace">Taobao Marketplace</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmall" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tmall">Tmall</a>, eTao, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Juhuasuan, 1688.com, AliExpress.com and Alipay.</div>
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In November 2012, Alibaba's online transaction volume exceeded one trillion yuan. Ma was thus labeled "trillion Hou", meaning literally "Trillion Yuan Marquis" in Chinese.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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Ma has often been invited to lecture at universities such as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_School" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking_University" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></div>
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As of 2016, Jack Ma is the owner of Château de Sours in Bordeaux, Chateau Guerry in Côtes de Bourg and Château Perenne in Blaye, Côtes de Bordeaux. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Accomplishments">Accomplishments</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ma&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Accomplishments">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>
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In 2004, Ma was chosen by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Central_Television" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> and its viewers as one of the "Top 10 Business Leaders of the Year".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ft_15-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-ft-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup></div>
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In 2005, Ma was selected by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> as a "Young Global Leader"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ft_15-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-ft-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> and was named one of the "25 Most Powerful Business people in Asia" by<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_magazine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fortune magazine">Fortune magazine</a></i>. He was selected by <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businessweek" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Businessweek">Businessweek</a></i> as a "Businessperson of the Year"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> in 2007 and one of the 30 "World’s Best CEOs" by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron%27s_(newspaper)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Barron's (newspaper)">Barron's</a> in 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup></div>
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In May 2009, Ma was listed by <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> in its Time 100 list of the world’s 100 most influential people. In reporting Ma’s accomplishments, Adi Ignatius, former <i>Time</i> senior editor and editor-in-chief of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a></i>, noted that "the Chinese Internet entrepreneur is soft-spoken and elflike — and he speaks really good English" and remarked that "Alibaba and Ma's consumer-auction website, Taobao.com, did so well that in 2006, eBay shut down its own site in China."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup> In 2014, he was again included in the list.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was also chosen as one of China's Most Powerful People by <i>BusinessWeek</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> and one of the Top 10 Most Respected Entrepreneurs in China by <i>Forbes China</i> in 2009. Ma received the 2009 CCTV Economic Person of the Year: Business Leaders of the Decade Award.</div>
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In 2010, Ma was selected by <i>Forbes Asia</i> as one of Asia’s Heroes of Philanthropy for his contribution to disaster relief and poverty.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup></div>
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In 2011 it was announced that one of his companies had gained control of Alipay, formerly a subsidiary of Alibaba Group, so as to "comply with Chinese law governing payment companies in order to secure a license to continue operating Alipay.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> Numerous analysts reported that Ma sold Alipay to himself below <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_value" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Market value">market value</a> without notifying the board of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a> or the other major owners Yahoo and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softbank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Softbank">Softbank</a>, while Ma stated that Alibaba Group's board of directors were aware of the transaction. The ownership dispute was resolved by Alibaba Group, Yahoo! and Softbank in July 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup></div>
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Ma was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hong Kong University of Science and Technology">Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</a> in November 2013.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-loneliest_23-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-loneliest-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup></div>
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Ma is a board member of Japan’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftBank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a> and China’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huayi_Brothers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Huayi Brothers">Huayi Brothers</a> Media Corporation. He became a trustee of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a>’s China program in 2009 and joined its global board of directors in April 2010. In 2013, he became chairman of the board for The Nature Conservancy's China Program; this was one day after he stepped down from Alibaba as company CEO.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> Ma is the first Chinese citizen to serve on The Nature Conservancy’s board.</div>
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In 2014 he was ranked as the 30th most powerful person in the world in an annual ranking published by <i>Forbes</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup></div>
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In 2015 he was honoured with the Entrepreneur of the Year award at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asian_Awards" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The Asian Awards">The Asian Awards</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Views">Views</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ma&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>
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In 2007, in response to worldwide criticism of the practice of killing sharks for their fins, Ma announced that he and his family had "sworn off <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_fin_soup" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shark fin soup">shark fin soup</a> now and forever." Ma has stated that moment created a newfound interest in environmentalism that would shape his future ethos. In January 2009, Alibaba Group revised its listing policy and banned the sale of shark fin products on all of its e-commerce platforms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup></div>
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At the Alibaba.com annual shareholders meeting in May 2009, Ma encouraged those in attendance to take action by starting businesses to cope with the economic downturn rather than waiting for government or business to help them. He reminded everyone that the great fortunes of the world were made by people who saw opportunities that others didn't, and he noted that the aftermath of the recent global recession would be no different in terms of exposing new ways of doing business.</div>
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At the annual general meeting of shareholders for Alibaba.com in May 2010, Ma announced Alibaba Group would begin in 2010 to earmark 0.3% of annual revenue to environmental protection, particularly on water and air quality improvement projects. Of the future of Alibaba, he has said that "our challenge is to help more people to make healthy money, 'sustainable money,' money that is not only good for themselves but also good for the society. That's the transformation we are aiming to make."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup></div>
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In 2015 Ma made his first purchase of conservation land outside China when he bought a 28,100-acre property named Brandon Park in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Smiths,_New_York" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Paul Smiths, New York">Paul Smiths, New York</a>, in<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adirondack_Park" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park</a> for $23 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_Life">Personal Life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Ma&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Personal Life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>
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Jack Ma is married to Zhang Ying.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup> They have a son and a daughter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-small_32-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-small-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup></div>
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Ma met his wife when they were studying at Hangzhou Normal University.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-small_32-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-small-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup> They married shortly after graduating in the late 1980s. Both began working as teachers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-small_32-2" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-small-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup></div>
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According to Ma and his assistant, Ma had been studying and practicing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen-style_t%27ai_chi_ch%27uan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chen-style t'ai chi ch'uan">Chen-style</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Chi_Chuan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tai Chi Chuan">Tai Chi Chuan</a> in Hangzhou for some time when in 2009 he began studying with Wáng Xī'an. In 2011, Ma hired several tournament-winning Tai Chi players to teach at Alibaba. Wang, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Li" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a>, and Ma teach regular classes at Alibaba, at which attendance by employees is mandatory. Ma's vision, according to his assistant, is that one day people will remember him as a Tai Chi master foremost, rather than solely as the founder of China's largest internet company and online shopping website.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ma#cite_note-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">https://www.facebook.com/worldeconomicforum/videos/10153558685081479/?pnref=story</span></span></div>
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